AI 中文总结
该研究探讨带电内自由度的大质量物体与经典场相互作用是否受黏性力，经非相对论计算得肯定结果，相对论协变计算得否定结果，明确非相对论框架缺陷，为牛顿定律补充内容并给出正确非相对论结果的规则。
AI 中文摘要
我们对一个相当基础问题的当前研究，是受两类自20世纪70年代以来被研究的问题所推动：一类是宇宙粒子产生及其更易理解的类似现象——动态卡西米尔效应，另一类是沿电介质表面运动的中性原子所经历的量子摩擦。产生的粒子的反作用效应能够使宇宙膨胀各向同性化，或使运动的镜面减速，这可以通过量子场涨落产生的真空黏度概念来理解。我们试图追溯该效应的起源，提出的问题是：一个具有带电内自由度χ的大质量M运动物体，与零温度下的自由无界经典场φ相互作用，是否会经历与上述先例类似的黏性力。采用一种可处理不等价三方χ-φ-M相互作用的光力学微观物理模型，我们首先进行了非相对论计算，考虑到原子物理的需求，该计算看似完全合理，结果发现答案是肯定的，但相对论协变计算给出的答案是否定的。我们确定了非相对论框架的缺陷所在。解决这一潜在但真实的冲突在技术上并非易事，但在物理上颇具启发性，它在引入狭义相对论原理时为牛顿第一定律和第二定律增添了丰富内容，并给出了获得正确非相对论答案需遵循的规则。
英文摘要
Our present investigation into a rather rudimentary problem is motivated by two classes of problems studied since the 70's, cosmological particle creation and its more accessible analog, the dynamical Casimir effect on the one hand, and quantum friction a neutral atom moving along a dielectric surface would experience, on the other. The backreaction effects of produced particles being able to isotropize the expansion of the universe, or to slow down the moving mirror can be understood via the concept of vacuum viscosity arising from fluctuations of the quantum field. We want to track down the origin of this effect by asking the question whether a moving massive $M$ object with a charged internal degrees of freedom $χ$ interacting with a free unbounded classical field $ϕ$ at zero temperature would experience a viscous force, similar to the said precedents. Adopting a microphysics model for optomechanics which can treat the unequal tripartite $χ$-$ϕ$-$M$ interactions, we first perform a nonrelativistic calculation, which seems perfectly legitimate considering the needs of atomic physics, and found the answer to be yes, but a relativistic covariant calculation says no. We identify where the nonrelativistic framework is defective. The resolution of this latent yet real conflict is technically nontrivial but physically quite inspirational. It results in added enriched contents to Newton's first and second laws when the principles of special relativity are enforced, and rules to follow to get the correct nonrelativistic answer
Comments45 pages, 1 figure
