AI 中文总结
本研究开发了虚拟环境GraphXplore，通过VR分层3D图实现设计评审的信息整合，实验显示其在认知负荷、可用性上优于传统幻灯片设置，为基于模型的设计评审提供了新方案。
AI 中文摘要
数字工程会使用来自不同视角的多种模型，在产品全生命周期中形成一组相互关联的数字制品。设计师若要获得全局视角，需在众多模型与视角间切换，这要求使用特定领域的软件、语言和表示方式，可能导致在分散的信息中迷失，以及在脑海中整合图表间细节的认知负担。为解决这些问题，我们开发了虚拟环境GraphXplore，该工具通过将不同视角的所有相关视觉项链接成一个在虚拟现实中显示的交互式分层3D图，增强感知与概念整合，提供系统的全局视角。我们将GraphXplore与传统的桌面端基于PowerPoint幻灯片（含模型截图）的屏幕设置进行对比实验，实验对象为33名志愿者（主要是工业产品设计专业研究生及教授），开展针对基于模型的设计理解的基础信息检索任务的基线可用性研究，识别基本模型元素是设计评审的基础前提。研究发现，对于简单检索任务，两种环境下的答案正确率、完成时间、召回率得分及感知自信度相当；但该虚拟环境展现出实际优势，其系统可用性量表（SUS）平均得分为73.1（属“良好”水平），而幻灯片设置的得分为66.4（属临界水平）。此外，GraphXplore用户报告的感知认知负荷更低（NASA任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）平均得分43.8），传统设置则为50.4。未来工作将扩展该实验以获得大规模工业数据集的实证结果，优化GraphXplore并拓展至新的设计评审目标。
英文摘要
Digital engineering uses many models from different perspectives, creating a connected set of digital artefacts across a product's life cycle. Designers seeking a holistic view must navigate numerous models and views, requiring domain-specific software, languages, and representations. This can lead to getting lost in scattered information and the cognitive burden of mentally integrating details across diagrams. To overcome these issues, we developed the virtual environment GraphXplore. GraphXplore enhances perceptual and conceptual integration by linking all relevant visual items from different perspectives into an interactive, layered 3D graph displayed in virtual reality, providing a holistic view of the system. We compared GraphXplore with a conventional on-screen setup using a PowerPoint slide deck with model screenshots viewed on a desktop PC. In an experiment with N=33 volunteers (mainly industrial product design postgraduates and professors), we conducted a baseline usability study focused on fundamental information retrieval tasks for model-based design comprehension, as identifying basic model elements is the fundamental prerequisite in design reviews. Our findings indicate that for simple retrieval tasks, the correctness of answers, completion time, recall score, and perceived confidence are comparable in both environments. However, the virtual environment demonstrated practical advantages, achieving a "good" average System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 73.1 compared to the slide setup's borderline score of 66.4. Furthermore, GraphXplore users reported a lower perceived cognitive workload (mean NASA-TLX score of 43.8) compared to the traditional setup (50.4). Future work will enhance this experiment to yield empirical results across massive industrial datasets, refine GraphXplore, and extend to new design review objectives.
