利用守恒流追踪真空强子化
Tracing Vacuum Hadronization with Conserved Currents
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究利用色三重性约束，通过净电荷、重子数、奇异数联合流的守恒流矩，提出味分辨的直接手段以探测QCD真空强子化中的真空对产生与量子数输运过程。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们证明色三重性约束了屏蔽Wilson线端点的非微扰态，使得净电荷、重子数和奇异数的联合流能够用于探测QCD真空强子化过程。无论是从由味$f$的夸克引发的喷注中已分辨的强子计算，还是从对应的电荷关联函数计算，这些流都满足Gell-Mann--Nishijima关系$\u27e8 Q_{\rm flow}\u27e9_f \simeq I_{3,f} +\frac{1}{2}\left( \langle S_{\rm flow}\rangle_f +\langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \right)$，其中$I_{3,f}$是引发喷注的夸克的同位旋第三分量。净喷注重子数$\u27e8 B_{\rm flow}\u27e9_f\simeq \frac{r_{qq}}{1+r_{qq}}$直接探测了双夸克-反双夸克真空激发的相对概率，其中$r_{qq}$是双夸克与夸克的产生比。因此，当$r_{qq}\ll1$时，喷注携带的重子数相对于引发夸克的取值$B_f=1/3$被显著压低。类似地，由$u\bar u:d\bar d:s\bar s=1:1:r_s$定义的奇异-轻夸克对产生比被编码在测量得到的喷注奇异数$\u27e8 S_{\rm flow}\u27e9_f \simeq S_f+\frac{3r_s}{2+r_s} \left(\frac{1}{3}- \langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f\right)$中，这预言即使在$u$和$d$夸克引发的喷注中也存在非零的平均净奇异数。这些关系中出现的守恒流矩与重整化标度无关。因此，对它们的同时测量为强子化过程中的真空对产生和量子数输运提供了一种直接的、味分辨的探测手段。
英文摘要
We show that color triality constrains the nonperturbative states that screen a Wilson-line endpoint, allowing the joint flows of net electric charge, baryon number, and strangeness to probe QCD vacuum hadronization. Whether evaluated from resolved hadrons in a jet initiated by a quark of flavor $f$ or from the corresponding charge correlators, these flows satisfy the Gell-Mann--Nishijima relation $\langle Q_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \simeq I_{3,f} +\frac{1}{2}\left( \langle S_{\rm flow}\rangle_f +\langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \right)$, where $I_{3,f}$ is the third component of the initiating-quark isospin. The net jet baryon number, $\langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f\simeq \frac{r_{qq}}{1+r_{qq}}$, directly probes the relative probability of a diquark--antidiquark vacuum excitation, with $r_{qq}$ the diquark-to-quark production ratio. Thus, for $r_{qq}\ll1$, the baryon number carried by the jet is substantially suppressed relative to the initiating-quark value $B_f=1/3$. Likewise, the strange-to-light pair-production ratio, defined by $u\bar u:d\bar d:s\bar s=1:1:r_s$, is encoded in the measured jet strangeness $\langle S_{\rm flow}\rangle_f \simeq S_f+\frac{3r_s}{2+r_s} \left(\frac{1}{3}- \langle B_{\rm flow}\rangle_f\right)$, predicting a nonzero mean net strangeness even in $u$- and $d$-initiated jets. The conserved-current moments appearing in these relations are independent of the renormalization scale. Their simultaneous measurement therefore provides a direct, flavor-resolved probe of vacuum pair production and quantum-number transport during hadronization.
