VariableTNG项目：重子反馈对星系形态的质量依赖调控
The VariableTNG project: mass-dependent regulation of galaxy morphology by baryonic feedback
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中文总结 AI 辅助
VariableTNG模拟套件研究发现，重子反馈通过质量依赖途径调控星系形态：低质量端由恒星反馈主导，大质量端AGN自调控更关键，形态-质量关系呈非单调特征。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
星系形态由并合历史与重子过程共同塑造，但二者的相对作用仍不明确。我们采用VariableTNG（VTNG）模拟套件，在固定初始条件的前提下探究重子反馈的变化如何调控星系形态。VTNG包含采用移动网格代码{\tt AREPO}开展的宇宙学磁流体动力学模拟，其中变化了8个控制恒星反馈与活动星系核（AGN）反馈的参数。在红移z=1处，我们采用κ_co、v/σ与轴比c/a表征形态。我们发现不同反馈模型间存在显著的形态多样性，且主导机制强烈依赖恒星质量：对于恒星质量M_*≲10^11 M_⊙，形态主要由超新星温度T_SN控制：更高的T_SN会延迟早期恒星形成，促进更致密、旋转支撑更强的气体储库，并通过原位恒星形成推动后续盘增长；在更高质量端，形态对AGN反馈的敏感性逐渐提升，尤其是类星体模式耦合效率ε_{f,high}：更高的ε_{f,high}会抑制早期黑洞增长，从而削弱后续与气体耗尽、旋转支撑丧失相关的射电模式反馈。最终得到的形态-质量关系呈非单调特征，在中等恒星质量处达到旋转支撑的峰值。我们的结果表明，重子反馈通过不同的质量依赖途径调控星系形态：恒星反馈在低质量端占主导，而AGN自调控在大质量端的重要性逐渐提升。
英文摘要
Galaxy morphology is shaped by both assembly history and baryonic processes, but their relative roles remain uncertain. We use the VariableTNG (VTNG) simulation suite to investigate how variations in baryonic feedback regulate galaxy morphology while keeping the initial conditions fixed. VTNG consists of cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulations performed with the moving-mesh code {\sc AREPO}, varying eight parameters governing stellar and AGN feedback. At $z=1$, we characterize morphology using $κ_{\rm co}$, $v/σ$, and the axis ratio $c/a$. We find substantial morphological diversity across feedback models, with the dominant mechanism strongly dependent on stellar mass. For $M_\ast \lesssim 10^{11}\,{\rm M_\odot}$, morphology is primarily controlled by the supernova temperature $T_{\rm SN}$: larger $T_{\rm SN}$ delays early star formation, promotes a denser and more rotationally supported gas reservoir, and favours subsequent disc growth through in-situ star formation. At higher masses, morphology becomes increasingly sensitive to AGN feedback, particularly the quasar-mode coupling efficiency $ε_{\rm f,high}$. Higher $ε_{\rm f,high}$ suppresses early black hole growth, thereby weakening subsequent radio-mode feedback associated with gas depletion and loss of rotational support. The resulting morphology--mass relation is non-monotonic, with maximum rotational support at intermediate stellar masses. Our results demonstrate that baryonic feedback regulates galaxy morphology through distinct mass-dependent pathways, with stellar feedback dominating at lower masses and AGN self-regulation becoming increasingly important at the massive end.
