AI 中文总结
该研究建立德西特时空施温格效应的随机表述，推导粒子产生相关泛函与核，推广至一般FLRW时空，还拓展至多类场与规范 sector，为早期宇宙物质产生提供通用框架。
AI 中文摘要
我们利用施温格-凯尔迪什（in-in）形式体系，针对德西特时空中的施温格效应建立了随机表述，该表述适配于早期宇宙中非平稳规范背景引发的粒子产生过程。我们将规范场视为给定的经典随机系综，对无质量带电物质进行积分，并在规范耦合的非平凡领头阶推导得到对应的影响泛函与粒子产生核。共形不变性使得该结果可直接从德西特时空推广到一般空间平坦的FLRW时空，无需依赖渐近外态。我们确定了该随机表述的红外安全性与经典性条件，并阐明其与传统静态施温格效应的关联。我们进一步将该框架推广至无质量共形耦合标量场以及弱耦合非阿贝尔规范 sector，包括标准模型与隐藏 sector 的实例，适用于热修正可忽略的区域。我们的结果为暴胀、预加热以及非热新物理 sector 中随机规范场引发的物质产生提供了通用框架，将弯曲时空中的量子场论与早期宇宙及高能现象学联系起来。
英文摘要
We develop a stochastic formulation of the Schwinger effect in de Sitter spacetime using the Schwinger--Keldysh (in-in) formalism, tailored to particle production by non-stationary gauge backgrounds in the early Universe. Treating the gauge field as a prescribed classical stochastic ensemble, we integrate out massless charged matter and derive the corresponding influence functional and particle-production kernel to leading non-trivial order in the gauge coupling. Conformal invariance allows the result to be extended directly from de Sitter to generic spatially flat FLRW spacetimes, without relying on asymptotic out states. We establish the infrared safety and classicality conditions of the stochastic description and clarify its relation to the conventional static Schwinger effect. We further extend the framework to massless conformally coupled scalars and to weakly coupled non-Abelian gauge sectors, including Standard Model and hidden-sector examples, in regimes where thermal corrections are negligible. Our results provide a general framework for matter creation by stochastic gauge fields in inflation, preheating, and non-thermal BSM sectors, connecting quantum field theory in curved spacetime with early-Universe and high-energy phenomenology.
Comments38 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
