AI 中文总结
该研究提出一种与架构无关的可编程光子电路框架，利用Schur-Horn定理实现黑箱相干矩阵本征谱分析，实验验证可重构多光源混合态本征值，揭示相干性与损耗的权衡，为片上相干分析仪提供可靠路径。
AI 中文摘要
空间光学相干性的精确表征是光通信和计算成像等新兴应用的基础。然而，传统提取完整相干矩阵需要相位敏感干涉测量，该方法极易受环境噪声影响，且对集成光子学而言存在严重的可扩展性挑战。本文介绍了一种与架构无关的框架，用于在可编程光子电路上分析和控制部分相干光。通过利用Schur-Horn定理，我们的方法仅依赖输出强度测量，系统地对入射相干矩阵进行对角化，完全规避了复杂相位检索的需求。我们在低深度、非通用的光子集成电路上对该黑箱协议进行实验验证，成功重构了多达四个相互非相干光源产生的混合态的隐藏本征值。此外，我们通过引入非幺正振幅调制实现主动、原位的统计光控制，显著提升了干涉可见度，揭示了相干性增强与光损耗之间的基本物理权衡。这种可扩展范式天生对硬件约束和实验噪声具有弹性，为实现超紧凑的片上空间相干分析仪建立了可靠途径。
英文摘要
The precise characterization of spatial optical coherence is fundamental to emerging applications in optical communications and computational imaging. However, extracting the full coherence matrix traditionally requires phase-sensitive interferometry, which is highly vulnerable to environmental noise and poses severe scalability challenges for integrated photonics. Here, we introduce an architecture-agnostic framework for analyzing and controlling partially coherent light on programmable photonic circuits. By leveraging the Schur-Horn theorem, our approach systematically diagonalizes the incident coherence matrix, relying solely on output intensity measurements and entirely circumventing the need for complex phase retrieval. We experimentally validate this black-box protocol on a low-depth, non-universal photonic integrated circuit, successfully reconstructing the hidden eigenvalues of mixed states generated from up to four mutually incoherent sources. Furthermore, we demonstrate active, in-situ statistical light control by introducing non-unitary amplitude modulation to significantly enhance interference visibility, exposing a fundamental physical trade-off between coherence enhancement and optical loss. Inherently resilient to hardware constraints and experimental noise, this scalable paradigm establishes a robust pathway for realizing ultra-compact, on-chip spatial coherence analyzers.
