在超导量子处理器上模拟黑洞热性质与内部 scrambling（ scrambling 指量子 scrambling，即量子信息的热化过程）
Simulating Black Hole Thermality and Interior Scrambling on a Superconducting Quantum Processor
- University of Leeds（利兹大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。
AI总结：
研究人员在IBM超导量子硬件上实现手征自旋链黑洞模拟器，探测半经典视界物理与量子scrambling，建立霍金温度估计量，区分不同相互作用下的算符扩展行为，提供统一量子研究平台。
AI中文摘要：
我们在IBM超导量子硬件上实现了手征自旋链黑洞模拟器，并在同一微观框架下同时探测半经典视界物理与相互作用量子 scrambling。我们首先测量了外部、视界及过倾斜内部区域的色散关系，重现了有效光锥结构的预测演化。为探测霍金热性质，我们在视界内制备局域激发并监测其在外部位点的密度响应，观测到峰值到达时间与表面引力的预测反比关系，从而建立了霍金温度的校准动力学估计量。超出半经典区域后，我们连续调控相互作用，区分了自由费米子极限下的非指数算符扩展与强相互作用手征区域的类李雅普诺夫OTOC衰减。这些测量使用源自同一母手征模型的可观测量特定Floquet电路，包括其平均场与坐标等效XY描述，以在保留各探测相关物理的同时降低电路深度。我们的结果为在量子硬件上研究视界几何、霍金热性质及相互作用 scrambling 提供了统一可编程平台。
英文摘要：
We implement a chiral spin-chain black hole simulator on IBM superconducting quantum hardware and probe, within a common microscopic framework, both semiclassical horizon physics and interacting quantum scrambling. We first measure the dispersion relation across the exterior, horizon and over-tilted interior regimes, reproducing the predicted evolution of the effective light-cone structure. To probe Hawking thermality, we prepare a localised excitation inside the horizon and monitor its density response at an exterior site, observing the predicted inverse relation between the peak arrival time and the surface gravity, thereby establishing a calibrated dynamical estimator of the Hawking temperature. Beyond the semiclassical regime, we continuously tune the interactions and distinguish non-exponential operator spreading in the free-fermion limit from Lyapunov-like OTOC decay in the strongly interacting chiral regime. These measurements use observable-specific Floquet circuits derived from the same parent chiral model, including its mean-field and coordinate-equivalent XY descriptions, to reduce circuit depth while preserving the physics relevant to each probe. Our results provide a unified programmable platform for studying horizon geometry, Hawking thermality and interacting scrambling on quantum hardware.
