偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的电致伸缩效应
Electrostriction in a Bose-Einstein Condensate of Dipolar Molecules
AI总结：
本研究观测到偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的电致伸缩效应，通过双微波修饰控制偶极相互作用，实现对凝聚体的力矩调控，为探究强偶极物质的相关量子特性提供新途径。
AI中文摘要：
近期偶极分子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）的实现，为多体量子系统开辟了新前沿，其中偶极相互作用可驱动新奇的自组织现象。本研究在分子BEC中观测到电致伸缩效应，这是由各向异性偶极相互作用驱动的椭圆形形变。我们采用包含σ和π偏振场的双微波 dressing（修饰）技术，控制非轴对称偶极相互作用。将电致伸缩的实验观测结果与基于扩展格罗斯-皮塔耶夫斯基方程的模型对比，发现其在弱至中等相互作用区间内吻合度极佳。利用电致伸缩效应，我们证明可通过动态改变椭圆形σ微波场的取向来对分子BEC施加力矩，这为使分子量子气体旋转提供了途径，为探究强偶极物质中的涡旋、超流性和超固体性创造了机遇。
英文摘要：
The recent creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of dipolar molecules has opened a new frontier for many-body quantum systems in which dipolar interactions can drive novel self-organization phenomena. Here, we observe electrostriction in a molecular BEC, an elliptical deformation driven by anisotropic dipolar interactions. We use double microwave dressing, involving $σ$- and $π$-polarized fields, to control non-axially symmetric dipolar interactions. We compare the experimental observations of electrostriction to a model based on an extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find excellent agreement in the regime of weak to moderate interactions. Using electrostriction, we demonstrate that the molecular BEC can be torqued by dynamically changing the orientation of the elliptical $σ$ microwave field. This provides a route to setting molecular quantum gases into rotation, opening opportunities to probe vorticity, superfluidity, and supersolidity in strongly dipolar matter.
