涡轮机间距与流动非定常性对尾流诱导叶片动力学的影响
Inter-turbine spacing and flow unsteadiness effects on wake-induced blade dynamics
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究通过风洞试验探究涡轮机间距与流动非定常性对尾流诱导叶片动力学的影响，发现部分尾流重叠工况的能量产出与结构载荷权衡最不利，为风电场布局设计提供依据。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
风电场中位于下游的风力涡轮机通常会暴露于尾流入流中，平均速度降低且湍流增强，这会导致功率损失并增加结构疲劳。由于传统点式应变传感器的空间覆盖稀疏，尾流对叶片级结构载荷的直接实验效应仍未得到充分探索。本研究采用两台直径为1米的涡轮机模型开展风洞试验，对下游涡轮机（WT₂）的一片叶片配备分布式瑞利后向散射光纤应变传感器，实现沿叶片展向的空间连续应变测量。通过改变上游涡轮机（WT₁）相对于下游受尾流作用的涡轮机WT₂在流向和展向的相对位置，绘制功率输出、展向应变及累积的代表性疲劳相关载荷沿尾流剖面的分布。全尾流冲击会通过相关速度亏损抑制叶片载荷，而部分尾流重叠会产生最强的载荷间歇性和最高的相对疲劳相关载荷，尽管此时功率处于中等恢复水平。结合性能-载荷指标可知，这种部分尾流工况在能量产出与结构载荷之间的权衡最不利。研究结果表明，风电场布局和涡轮机间距的设计需考虑最小化部分尾流暴露，而非仅关注平均速度亏损。
英文摘要
Wind turbines operating downstream of others in a farm are routinely exposed to waked inflow, with reduced mean velocity and elevated turbulence driving power deficits and additional structural fatigue. The direct effect of wakes on blade-level structural loading remains under-explored experimentally, owing partly to the sparse spatial coverage of conventional point-based strain sensors. Here, we present a wind-tunnel study of wake-induced blade dynamics using two $1\,\mathrm{m}$-diameter turbine models, in which one blade of a downstream turbine ($WT_2$) is instrumented with distributed Rayleigh-backscattering fibre-optic strain sensors, providing spatially continuous strain measurement across the blade span. By changing the relative position of the upstream turbine ($WT_1$) to the downstream, waked turbine $WT_2$ across the streamwise and spanwise extent, we map power output, spanwise strain, and accumulated representative fatigue relevant loading across the wake profile. Full wake impingement suppresses blade loading through the associated velocity deficit, while partial wake overlap generates the strongest load intermittency and highest relative fatigue relevant loading, despite an intermediate power recovery. A combined performance-to-loading metric shows this partial-wake regime offers the least favourable trade-off between energy yield and structural loading. These results show that minimising partial-wake exposure, not only mean velocity deficits, should be a design consideration for wind-farm layout and turbine spacing.
