AI 中文总结
本文针对自动驾驶汽车心理安全风险评估的缺失，扩展了基于STAMP的评估框架，通过用例验证了其实用性，为负责任开发提供了基础与方法。
AI 中文摘要
尽管自动驾驶汽车（AVs）的开发近期取得了技术进步，但其社会可接受性仍存在争议，因为最新研究结果表明存在心理障碍。人们不仅关注物理安全，还担忧与AVs交互可能产生的潜在心理风险。信任、感知安全等心理概念在该场景下已得到充分研究，被发现是决定AVs使用意愿的关键因素。遗憾的是，目前尚未将人类与AVs的交互可能导致心理危害、威胁信任、感知安全和可接受性的机制形式化。此外，先前很少有研究对AVs中心理风险的严重程度进行概念化，系统开发者也没有明确的指南来在AV开发场景中评估和处理心理风险。为解决这些局限，本文基于早期提案扩展了一个AV心理安全风险评估的理论框架。该框架包含一个扩展的心理安全风险模型，涵盖与AVs心理安全相关的所有关键概念，以及一个基于系统理论事故模型与过程（STAMP）的评估方法。我们通过一个高度自动化的AV使用案例场景展示了该理论框架的实用性，揭示了可能导致乘员心理风险的因素。这些用例提供了如何使用该框架全面评估心理风险并确定可能导致该风险的车辆行为的示例。通过开发AV心理安全风险评估的理论框架，我们提供了此前缺失的基础和方法，以更好地支持在心理安全方面负责任的AV开发。
英文摘要
Despite recent technological progress in the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs), their societal acceptability remains a subject of debate as recent research findings point to psychological roadblocks. Concerns arise not only for physical safety but also for potential psychological risks resulting from human interaction with AVs. Psychological concepts such as trust, and perceived safety are well-studied in this context and are found to be determinant factors for the intention to use AVs. Unfortunately, there has been no formalization of the mechanism by which human interaction with AVs may lead to psychological hazards, threatening trust, perceived safety, and acceptability. Furthermore, there has been little prior research that conceptualizes the severity of psychological risk in AVs, and there are no clear guidelines for a systems designer on how to assess and address psychological risk in the AV development context. To address these limitations, this paper extends a theoretical framework for AV psychological safety risk assessment based on an early proposal. The proposed framework consists of an extended risk model for psychological safety including all the key concepts related to psychological safety in AVs, and an assessment method based on the Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). We demonstrate the usefulness of the theoretical framework through a highly automated AV use case scenario, uncovering factors which may lead to psychological risk for an occupant. The use cases provide examples of how to use the framework to extensively evaluate psychological risk and determine vehicle behaviour that could lead to this risk. By developing a theoretical framework for AV psychological safety risk assessment, we provide a foundation and a method that were previously lacking to better enable responsible AV development regarding psychological safety.
