欧洲核子中心原子干涉仪实验（AICE）装置技术方案
Technical Proposal for the Atom Interferometer CERN Experiment (AICE) Facility
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出了拟安装在LHC PX46竖井的约100米基线原子干涉仪AICE的技术方案，用于探测超轻暗物质、引力波等，其设计基于相关实验，获多国机构合作支持。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们提出了欧洲核子中心原子干涉仪实验（AICE）的技术方案，这是一台拟安装在大型强子对撞机（LHC）PX46通道竖井壁上的、基线长度约为100米的垂直原子干涉仪。AICE被设计为一台多功能、灵活的长基线原子干涉测量装置，其首要科学目标是探测其他实验无法覆盖的质量范围内的玻色型超轻暗物质（ULDM），次要目标是探索频率约为0.03-3赫兹的引力波（GWs），作为未来更长基线探测器的先导。初始配置采用超冷的⁸⁷Sr原子，基于698纳米单光子干涉仪，配备三个竖井式原子源，构成多源重力梯度仪结构，辅以一个表面参考源用于激光稳定和诊断，以实现对标量超轻暗物质的探测。使用⁸⁸Sr运行时，将对类轴子粒子（ALPs）、具有B-L耦合的矢量超轻暗物质以及等效原理的破缺产生灵敏度；而¹⁷¹Yb升级将提高对B-L耦合和等效原理破缺的灵敏度。在超轻暗物质搜索的同时，还将开展对爱因斯坦等效原理（EP）的探测和对精细结构常数α的测量。概念可行性研究和详细技术实施研究已确认PX46是一个独特成熟、可立即实施的站点，不存在技术障碍。在LHC长停机3期（LS3）期间完成站点准备工作，可使AICE后续安装和运行不影响高亮度大型强子对撞机（HL-LHC）的运行。探测器设计基于VLBAI、MAGIS实验以及AION-10技术设计报告，将锶重力梯度仪架构扩展至约100米基线。AICE获得了TVLBAI原型合作组的支持，该合作组由22个国家的57个机构组成。
英文摘要
We present the technical proposal for the Atom Interferometer CERN Experiment (AICE), a $\mathcal{O}(100)$ m vertical atom interferometer to be installed against the wall of the PX46 access shaft to the LHC. AICE is conceived as a versatile and flexible long-baseline atom-interferometry facility whose primary scientific goal is probing for bosonic ultralight dark matter (ULDM) in a mass range inaccessible to other experiments, with a secondary goal of pioneering the exploration of gravitational waves (GWs) with frequencies in the range ${\sim}$0.03-3 Hz as a pathfinder for future longer-baseline detectors. The initial configuration employs ultracold $^{87}$Sr atoms in a single-photon 698-nm interferometer with three shaft-based atom sources in a multi-source gradiometer geometry, supported by one surface reference source for laser stabilisation and diagnostics, to target scalar ULDM. Operation with $^{88}$Sr will give sensitivity to axion-like particles (ALPs), vector ULDM with $B-L$ couplings and violation of the principle of equivalence, while a $^{171}$Yb upgrade will improve the sensitivity to $B-L$ couplings and equivalence violations. Probing the Einstein equivalence principle (EP) and measuring $α$ will proceed in parallel with the ULDM searches. A conceptual feasibility study and a detailed technical implementation study have established that PX46 is a uniquely mature and implementation-ready site, with no technical showstoppers. Completing site preparation works during LS3 would enable the subsequent installation and operation of AICE without impacting HL-LHC operations. The detector design builds on the VLBAI and MAGIS experiments and the AION-10 Technical Design Report, scaling the strontium gradiometer architecture to the $\sim$100 m baseline. AICE is endorsed by the TVLBAI Proto-Collaboration, comprising 57 institutions in 22 countries.
