发表机构
Texas A&M University; Texas A&M University at Qatar; Ankara University; Hamad Bin Khalifa University(德州农工大学; 卡塔尔德州农工大学; 安卡拉大学; 哈马德·本·哈利法大学)
机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究发现材料机器学习模型能否做出物理禁阻预测,取决于特征是否带宇称标签,通过宇称间隙准则可判定,带宇称标签的模型在中心对称晶体上的预测符合物理规律,精度无损失
AI 中文摘要
机器学习模型正在材料发现领域取代第一性原理计算,而物理对称性是内置在这些模型中的核心保证。关于应将多少对称性硬编码而非学习的争论已围绕旋转展开,其中对称性误差属于近似误差。部分约束是精确的:对称性会迫使某些属性张量严格为零,因此非零预测是物理上不可能的,而非不准确。本文表明,模型是否能做出此类预测,在训练前由一个极少被报告的设计位决定,即其特征是否带有宇称标签;并推导了一个准则——宇称间隙,仅从群论即可计算出哪些属性和晶体会暴露出来。在仅因该设计位不同的匹配架构对上,以2000个压电张量必须为零的中心对称晶体进行评估,带有宇称标签的模型分支处于浮点下限,而仅使用旋转的模型分支在90%-96%的晶体上预测出禁阻响应,二者差距达六个数量级,且无精度损失。对显式零进行训练无法恢复精确性,冻结通用势的输出头会继承其主干的对称群,随机初始化时一次反射即可在数秒内验证该标签。
英文摘要
Crystal symmetry dictates whether a physical response tensor must vanish, establishing a direct test for machine learning predictions independent of property calculations. We derive the parity gap, a group-theoretic metric quantifying the piezoelectric tensor freedom permitted by a crystal's proper rotation subgroup $SO(3)$ but eliminated by inversion symmetry in $O(3)$. Across state-of-the-art equivariant neural network architectures, unconstrained $SO(3)$ models systematically predict forbidden non-zero responses matching the parity gap of each centrosymmetric crystal class, while polar distortion paths dynamically map output responses to the loss of inversion symmetry. Regression controls confirm that enforcing full $O(3)$ parity incurs no consistent accuracy cost across predictive tasks. Crucially, while training interventions using explicit zero labels reduce violation magnitudes, they leave residual forbidden outputs. Exact physical compliance instead requires structural enforcement through $O(3)$ representation design or explicit output antisymmetrization. The parity gap thus provides a unified framework to distinguish empirical error reduction from exact structural compliance with physical law.