AI 中文总结
该研究开发了一款超紧凑型稀释制冷机，可快速完成热循环，实现了双磁通量子比特器件的高质量表征，为高通量量子硬件研发提供了实用方案。
AI 中文摘要
快速热循环是超导量子器件研发的核心瓶颈：传统稀释制冷机需要一天或更久的降温时间，且需要大量低温基础设施，这限制了“制造-测量-重新设计”的迭代循环。我们提出了一款超紧凑型稀释制冷机，质量为3千克，直径100毫米；空载时，其完成从室温到70毫开尔文基础温度的完整降温-升温循环仅需1.2小时，当配备量子比特测量所需的全部微波布线时，该循环也仅需2.1小时，且在100毫开尔文温度下可提供20微瓦的制冷功率。我们通过对一款双磁通量子比特器件的完整表征验证了该平台：采用双音光谱法提取了完整的电路哈密顿量，测量了能量弛豫时间和相干时间，并对单量子比特控制进行了基准测试。尽管弛豫时间受限于系统的基础温度，我们仍达到了最高99%的单量子比特门保真度，该数值由我们的工作温度所设定的相干极限决定。这些结果表明，紧凑型、快速循环的稀释制冷技术可在不牺牲测量质量的前提下支持最先进的量子器件表征，为高通量量子硬件研发提供了实用路径。
英文摘要
Rapid thermal cycling is a central bottleneck in the development of superconducting quantum devices: conventional dilution refrigerators require cooldowns of a day or more and substantial cryogenic infrastructure, which throttles the fabricate-measure-redesign loop. We present an ultracompact dilution refrigerator (3 kg in mass and 100 mm in diameter) that completes a full cooldown-warm-up cycle to a base temperature of 70 mK in 1.2 hours when unloaded, and in 2.1 hours when fully equipped with the microwave wiring required for qubit measurements, while delivering 20 microW of cooling power at 100 mK. We validate the platform through a complete characterization of a two-fluxonium device: we extract the full circuit Hamiltonian by two-tone spectroscopy, measure energy-relaxation and coherence times, and benchmark single-qubit control. Although the relaxation time is limited by the base temperature of the system, we reach a single-qubit gate fidelity of up to 99%, at the coherence limit set by our operating temperature. These results demonstrate that compact, fast-cycling dilution refrigeration can support state-of-the-art quantum-device characterization without sacrificing measurement quality, offering a practical route to high-throughput quantum-hardware development.
Comments8 pages, 5 figures, two appendixes
