AI 中文总结
本综述聚焦S^2C^2I集成高空平台，阐述其架构、技术、评估方法与部署，通过应急案例验证其服务优势，指明相关研究机遇，提供从设计到部署的路线图。
AI 中文摘要
高空平台（HAPs）正成为空天地一体化网络（SAGINs）中新兴的持久中间层基础设施，在覆盖范围、延迟、续航能力与部署灵活性之间提供了良好的平衡。然而，它们的作用已从通信中继扩展到联合提供感知、存储、通信、计算与智能（S^2C^2I）服务。本综述从以HAP为中心的视角阐述S^2C^2I集成。首先回顾HAP基础、平台类别及其在SAGINs中的主要角色，包括广域接入、中继、回传、边缘服务、低空空中协同及跨层编排。随后构建了一种集成架构，涵盖多平面连通性、有效载荷功能拆分，以及具有分层数据、控制、计算与存储环路的云-边-HAP空间连续体。系统研究了支撑技术，包括异构射频、毫米波、太赫兹、自由空间光及混合链路；感知有效载荷与集成感知通信；机载计算；存储与缓存；以及基于AI的编排。还综合了标准化进展、开源软件与数据集、测试平台、现场证据，以及从组件验证到任务级效能的四级评估方法。一项应急响应案例研究表明，联合S^2C^2I编排可大幅提升联合服务可用性，同时减少馈线链路流量。最后，明确了智能体AI、可信自主、面向目标的语义操作与数字孪生，以及可持续、可认证、开源HAP原生系统等研究机遇。该综合研究提供了从平台设计到全网部署的连贯路线图。
英文摘要
High-altitude platforms (HAPs) are emerging as persistent middle-layer infrastructures for space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs), offering a favorable compromise among coverage, latency, endurance, and deployment flexibility. Their role, however, is evolving beyond communication relaying toward the joint provision of sensing, storage, communication, computing, and intelligence (S^2C^2I). This survey presents a unified HAP-centric perspective on S^2C^2I integration. We first review HAP fundamentals, platform categories, and their principal roles in SAGINs, including wide-area access, relaying, backhaul, edge service, low-altitude aerial coordination, and cross-layer orchestration. We then develop an integrated architecture spanning multi-plane connectivity, payload functional splits, and a cloud-edge-HAP space continuum with hierarchical data, control, computing, and storage loops. The enabling technologies are systematically examined, covering heterogeneous RF, millimeter-wave, terahertz, free-space optical, and hybrid links; sensing payloads and integrated sensing and communication; onboard computing; storage and caching; and AI-based orchestration. We further synthesize standardization progress, open software and datasets, testbeds, field evidence, and a four-level evaluation methodology ranging from component validation to mission-level effectiveness. An emergency-response case study demonstrates that joint S^2C^2I orchestration substantially improves conjunctive service availability while reducing feeder-link traffic. Finally, we identify research opportunities in agentic AI, trustworthy autonomy, goal-oriented semantic operation and digital twins, and sustainable, certifiable, and open HAP-native systems. The resulting synthesis provides a coherent roadmap from platform design to network-wide deployment.
