哈勃空间望远镜的辐射损伤与太阳活动周期存在数年相位差
Radiation damage to the Hubble Space Telescope has been several years out of phase with the Solar cycle
AI总结：
研究发现哈勃空间望远镜的辐射损伤与太阳活动周期存在数年相位差，其CCD探测器的辐射损伤可通过经验拟合校正超99.5%的图像质量影响，凸显太阳系辐射环境多样性，推动航天器辐射监测。
AI中文摘要：
除了获取宇宙的精美图像外，哈勃空间望远镜的CCD探测器还是灵敏的辐射剂量计，已在低地球轨道被监测超过24年。它们所受的辐射损伤速率随每个太阳活动周期变化，但与太阳黑子或日冕物质抛射的出现存在数年相位差。我们研究了能成功拟合太阳系其他地方望远镜损伤时间序列的函数形式，获得了对哈勃数据极为准确的拟合结果，但参数值在物理上是荒谬的。在图像后处理中，这类拟合可用于经验校正辐射损伤对图像质量超过99.5%的影响。然而，用物理上合理的参数拟合时间序列会产生更差的性能。我们的结果凸显了太阳系不同区域辐射环境的多样性，尤其是低地球轨道的复杂性，同时也推动对当前运行航天器的辐射损伤进行持续监测，以更可靠地预测未来任务的退化速率和使用寿命。
英文摘要：
As well as obtaining beautiful images of the Universe, the Hubble Space Telescope's CCD detectors are sensitive radiation dosimeters that have been monitored in Low Earth Orbit for more than 24 years. The rate of radiation damage they received has varied over each Solar cycle, but several years out of phase with the appearance of sunspots or coronal mass ejections. We investigate functional forms that successfully fit the time series of damage to telescopes elsewhere in the Solar system. We obtain remarkably accurate fits to Hubble data but with physically absurd parameter values. During image post-processing, such fits can be used empirically, to correct more than 99.5% of the radiation damage's effect on image quality. However, fits to the time series with physically reasonable parameters produce worse performance. Our results highlight the diversity of radiation environments in different parts of our Solar system, and the complexity of Low Earth Orbit in particular. Our results also motivate continued monitoring of radiation damage to currently operational spacecraft, to more reliably predict the rate of degradation in (and useful lifespan of) future missions.
