立场：当前模型卡片不足以支持开放权重基础模型的下游治理
Position: Current Model Cards Are Insufficient for Downstream Governance of Open-Weight Foundation Models
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文分析Hugging Face的500份模型卡片，指出现有模型卡片无法支持开放权重基础模型下游治理，提出需整合模型卡片、可接受使用政策、许可证的多层治理框架。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
开放权重基础模型（OWFMs）的发展促使AI社区重新评估有效下游治理的策略。尽管模型卡片已被广泛用作模型仓库中的透明性制品，但现有框架往往无法充分告知下游开发者和用户OWFMs带来的独特安全挑战。本文分析了Hugging Face上托管的500份模型卡片，认为OWFMs的有效治理需要一种多层方法，整合三个互补组件：（i）模型卡片、（ii）可接受使用政策（AUPs）、（iii）许可证。为支持这一主张，我们通过分析包含安全关键信息的模型卡片，识别出现有监管方法留下的安全缺口，包括模型传承、对齐来源和经验观察到的行为。我们进一步指出，标准开源许可证（OSLs）并不适合OWFMs，可能削弱AUPs的可执行性。基于这些观察，我们概述了将模型卡片、AUPs和许可证发展为集成安全制品的方向，以实现更全面的治理框架，该框架连贯整合信息、规范和法律维度。
英文摘要
The growth of open-weight foundation models (OWFMs) has prompted the AI community to re-evaluate strategies for effective downstream governance. Although model cards have been widely adopted as transparency artifacts in model repositories, existing frameworks often fail to adequately inform downstream developers and users about the distinct safety challenges posed by OWFMs. This position paper analyzes 500 model cards hosted on Hugging Face and argues that effective governance of OWFMs requires a multi-layered approach integrating three complementary components: (i) model cards, (ii) acceptable use policies (AUPs), and (iii) licenses. To motivate this claim, we identify a safety gap left by existing regulatory approaches, including model heritage, alignment provenance, and empirically observed behaviors, through an analysis of model cards with safety-critical information. We further argue that standard open-source licenses (OSLs) are not well suited for OWFMs and may weaken the enforceability of AUPs. Building on these observations, we outline directions for evolving model cards, AUPs, and licenses into integrated safety artifacts to enable a more comprehensive governance framework that coherently integrates informational, normative, and legal dimensions.
