用于冷原子的超快高分辨率空间光调制
Ultrafast and high resolution spatial light modulation for cold atoms
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文开发了一种超快高分辨率空间光调制光学系统，可实现高精度任意图案生成，用于可编程超冷原子阵列，支持完全可编程哈伯德模型及光镊快速排列，推动量子计算与模拟发展。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
可编程超冷原子阵列是量子计算与量子模拟的领先平台，可实现量子纠错的先进方案，以及针对凝聚态物理中未解决问题的哈伯德模型模拟。在这类系统中，所有局域控制都通过精确整形的光场实现，因此多体量子态的操控挑战转化为光场设计的任务。尤其需要具备低无序度、低加热效应的快速灵活控制，以及支持大量原子的大阵列。理想的光学系统需生成高空间分辨率、低无序度的任意图案，且图案切换速度快于相关原子动力学时间尺度。本文提出的光学系统在规模上与现有方案相当，同时在其他核心性能上实现了突破：实现了强度分辨率达10⁻³的任意图案生成，帧率超过84 MFPS（百万帧每秒），空间分辨率为83×52个束腰（通过单个40 GHz电光调制器可实现11×52个束腰），这些能力将开启新一类实验。我们开发并数值验证了完全可编程哈伯德模型的方案，可对局域化学势、隧穿幅度、在位相互作用及人工磁通量图案进行时变控制；同一架构还能在二维中实现光镊的快速任意排列，将光学约束与高速纠错码设计解耦。
英文摘要
Programmable arrays of ultracold atoms are a leading platform for quantum computation and simulation, enabling state-of-the-art implementations of quantum error correction, and analog simulations of Hubbard models that address open problems in condensed matter physics. In these systems, all local control is mediated through precisely shaped optical fields, and so the challenge of managing many-body quantum states becomes an exercise in optical design. In particular, one wishes for fast, flexible control with low disorder and heating, and access to large arrays with many atoms. An ideal optical system therefore must generate arbitrary patterns with high spatial resolution and low disorder, and alter these patterns on a timescale that is faster than the relevant atomic dynamics. Here, we present an optical system that is comparable to previous approaches in scale, while advancing all other axes. We demonstrate arbitrary pattern generation with $10^{-3}$ intensity resolution, a frame rate of $>84$ MFPS (megaframes per second), and a spatial resolution of $83 \times 52$ beam waists (with $11 \times 52$ waists accessible via a single $40$ GHz electro-optic modulator). These capabilities unlock a new class of experiments. We develop and numerically validate a scheme for fully programmable Hubbard models, with time-dependent control over local chemical potentials, tunneling amplitudes, on-site interactions, and patterns of artificial magnetic flux. The same architecture performs fast, arbitrary permutations of tweezers in 2D, decoupling optical constraints from the design of high-rate error-correcting codes.
