重新审视团队内部沟通方法以在选美博弈与11-20博弈中引出Level-k推理
Revisiting the Intra-Team Communication Method to Elicit Level-k Reasoning in Beauty Contests and 11-20 Games
AI总结：
本文采用Burchardi等的团队内部沟通方法，在选美博弈中验证了Level-0信念与行动的一致性，在11-20博弈变体中发现二者偏离，为该博弈的行为模式提供了补充解释。
AI中文摘要：
在有限理性策略推理的Level-k模型文献中，Level-0玩家的行为方式及其被更高层级玩家感知的方式是核心问题。为研究这两个相关问题，本文采用Burchardi和Penczynski（2014）提出的团队内部沟通方法，在经典选美博弈及Goeree等人（2018）提出的11-20博弈变体中识别Level-0玩家的行动与信念，该变体的行为与标准Level-k模型不一致。在选美博弈中，本文重复了Burchardi和Penczynski（2014）的发现，即引出的Level-0信念与观测到的Level-0行动一致；但在11-20博弈变体中，引出的Level-0信念与观测到的Level-0行动存在偏差，且两者均偏离标准Level-0假设，这为Goeree等人（2018）记录的行为模式提供了补充解释。
英文摘要：
How level-0 players behave and how they are perceived by higher-level players are central questions in the literature on level-k models of boundedly rational strategic reasoning. To study these twin questions, we apply the intra-team communication method developed by Burchardi and Penczynski (2014) to identify level-0 actions and beliefs in the canonical beauty contest game and in a variant of the 11-20 game of Goeree et al. (2018), in which behavior appears inconsistent with the standard level-k model. In the beauty contest game, we replicate Burchardi and Penczynski (2014)'s finding that elicited level-0 beliefs align with observed level-0 actions. In the variant of the 11-20 game, however, elicited level-0 beliefs and observed level-0 actions diverge, and both depart from the standard level-0 assumption, suggesting a complementary explanation for the behavioral pattern documented by Goeree et al. (2018).
