AI 中文总结
该研究构建含退禁闭相变的核物质物态方程，发现特定条件下热双中子星存在，可作为超新星可爆性的新判据，且退禁闭起始密度对色超导敏感。
AI 中文摘要
我们提出了一种基于密度泛函的温稠密核物质物态方程，该物态方程包含向退禁闭夸克物质的相变，可应用于超新星爆发、中子星并合的模拟，以及Q球的宇宙学演化研究。对于夸克物质的物态方程，我们采用了一种最新发展的禁闭密度泛函方法；而核物质则用DD2类的相对论密度泛函模型描述。相变通过每重子熵恒定的麦克斯韦构造得到。我们针对混合物态方程模型DDf-SFM（DD2-χCDF）（含或不含色超导）的等熵混合星求解TOV方程，发现当温度高于某一每重子熵临界值时，DDf-SFM模型会出现不连通的第三族分支（“热双中子星”），而色超导模型和T=0时则不存在该现象。我们还探讨了该临界每重子熵与T=0时引力不稳定的塞多夫判据的关系，发现其是可靠的参考依据。我们提出，热双中子星的存在可作为大质量蓝超巨星核心坍缩超新星可爆性的指标，因此可作为混合物态方程模型可靠性的新判据。根据该论点，强色超导应被排除，而具有中等双夸克配对的模型是否能满足热双中子星约束仍待验证。对于对称物质，我们将得到的混合物态方程与Danielewicz等人的流约束进行比较，发现退禁闭起始密度对是否存在色超导具有敏感性。
英文摘要
We present a density functional-based equation of state for warm, dense nuclear matter with a transition to deconfined quark matter for applications to simulations of supernova explosions and neutron star mergers, but also for the cosmological evolution of Q-balls. For the quark matter equation of state, we employ a recently developed confining density functional approach while nuclear matter is described within a relativistic density functional model of the DD2 class. The phase transition is obtained by a Maxwell construction at constant entropy per baryon. We discuss the solutions of TOV equations for isentropic hybrid stars for the hybrid equation of state model DDf-SFM (DD2-$χ$CDF) without (with) color superconductivity and find that at finite temperatures above a critical value of entropy per baryon sequences of disconnected third family branches ("thermal twin stars") may appear for the DDf-SFM model, while they are absent for the color superconducting model and at $T=0$. We discuss the relation of this critical entropy per baryon to the Seidov criterion of gravitational instability for $T=0$ and find that it is a good guide. We suggest that the presence of thermal twin stars may be regarded as an indicator for the core-collapse supernova explodability of massive blue supergiant stars and thus serve as a new criterion for the reliability of hybrid equation of state models. By this argument, strong color superconductivity shall be excluded and it remains to be shown whether models with moderate diquark pairing could fulfill the thermal twin constraint. For the case of symmetric matter, we compare the resulting hybrid EOS with the flow constraint by Danielewicz et al. and find a a sensitivity of the onset density for deconfinement on the presence or absence of color superconductivity.
Comments17 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
