何去何从？人工智能时代的科学发现
Quo Vadis? Scientific Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文梳理AI在科学发现中的作用，提出AI系统类型学，概述多学科近期成果，指出其存在的限制与风险，引发人机认知劳动分工的思考。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文探究人工智能在科学发现中日益增长的作用。首先梳理了AI能力的快速提升，尤其在推理、抽象、规划及长周期任务执行方面，随后转向AI在各学科中扩散的科学计量学证据。接着提出用于研究的AI系统类型学，涵盖从专用科学AI、科学AI助手与智能体，到结合计算与物理实验的混合实验系统。在此基础上，选择性概述数学与计算机科学、物理学、化学、生命科学及行为与社会科学领域的近期成果。文章指出，尽管取得这些进展，当前系统仍受重要技术、认知及制度限制的约束，其日益广泛的应用带来短期与长期风险。结论进一步表明，AI在科学中的发展引发了关于人类研究者与机器之间认知劳动分工的更广泛问题。
英文摘要
This paper examines the growing role of AI in scientific discovery. It first surveys the rapid rise of AI capabilities, especially in reasoning, abstraction, planning, and long-horizon task execution, before turning to scientometric evidence of AI's diffusion across the sciences. It then proposes a typology of AI systems used in research, ranging from specialized scientific AI through scientific AI assistants and agents to hybrid experimental systems that combine computation and physical experimentation. On this basis, it offers a selective overview of recent achievements in mathematics and computer science, physics, chemistry, the life sciences, and the behavioural and social sciences. It argues that, despite these advances, current systems remain constrained by important technical, epistemic, and institutional limitations, and that their growing use introduces both near-term and longer-term risks. The conclusion further suggests that the advancement of AI in science raises broader questions concerning the division of cognitive labour between human researchers and machines.
