热容作为活性系统中形状转变和阻塞转变的标记
Heat capacity as a marker for shape and jamming transitions in active systems
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究利用符合细致平衡的格点跑-tumble动力学计算非平衡热容，发现其可作为活性系统形状与阻塞转变的量热探针，且可通过交流量热法在实验中观测到相关热响应特征。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
持续性会影响活性粒子的稳态，在单粒子层面产生边界聚集，在相互作用系统中产生团簇或阻塞现象；当持续性降低，系统趋近于更类被动的稳态时，这些特征会消失。本研究表明这些转变具有独特的量热学特征，采用符合细致平衡的格点跑- tumble动力学，通过小温度扰动后释放的 excess 热量计算非平衡热容。对于被限制在反射边界间的单粒子，其热容在对应形状转变的持续性区间出现一个峰值；在周期格点上为活性粒子添加排斥相互作用后，阻塞团簇的重组会在热响应中产生相应的峰值。研究还讨论了转变速率时间对称部分的影响，并指出通过交流量热法在实验中观测到相同热响应特征的可能性。结果表明非平衡热容可作为非平衡相变的量热探针。
英文摘要
Persistence influences the stationary states of active particles, producing boundary accumulation at the single-particle level, and clustering or jamming in interacting systems. These features disappear as the persistence decreases and the system approaches a more passive-like stationary state. We show that these transitions have a distinct calorimetric signature. Using a lattice run-and-tumble dynamics, consistent with local detailed balance, we compute the nonequilibrium heat capacity from the excess heat released following a small temperature perturbation. For a single particle confined between reflecting boundaries, the heat capacity develops a maximum in the persistence regime corresponding to shape transition. Adding an exclusion interaction to the active particles on a periodic lattice, the reorganization of jammed clusters produces a corresponding peak in the thermal response. We also discuss the impact of the time-symmetric part of the transition rates, and show the possibility of seeing the same signatures of heat response in experiments by AC calorimetry. Our results show that nonequilibrium heat capacities can serve as calorimetric probes of nonequilibrium phase transitions.
