发表机构
The University of Hong Kong; The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港大学; 香港中文大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
MoRAX是增强地理空间基础模型的轻量级框架，利用人类移动性数据补充区域功能结构，其教师模型在多国多城市的八项预测任务中优于基线，学生模型性能接近教师，可实现零样本部署与跨国家迁移。
AI 中文摘要
地理空间基础模型（Geospatial Foundation Models, GFMs）是一种新兴的强大范式，用于学习语义丰富且地理一致的视觉与物理表示。然而，这类模型依赖地球观测（Earth-observation, EO）数据，导致人类活动相关信息在很大程度上未被充分表征。人类移动性数据揭示了EO数据中缺失的区域间功能与关系结构，但这类数据通常仅局限于观测到的城市，难以用于可迁移的城市表示学习。我们提出MoRAX，这是一个轻量级框架，用于通过人类移动性衍生的功能结构增强地理空间嵌入。MoRAX在保留GFMs覆盖范围与一致性的同时，提供城市区域间功能连通性信息，支持在未见过的城市中进行零样本部署，无论是否有可用的移动性数据。在跨越两个国家的四个目标城市中，观察移动性的MoRAX教师模型在八项社会经济与环境预测任务中，始终优于GFMs和强大的城市表示基线；而从不将移动性数据作为输入的学生模型，在大多数任务上的性能接近教师模型。跨国家的迁移结果进一步表明，基于移动性流的调制为将地理空间基础模型建立在城市的人类维度提供了通用机制。
英文摘要
Geospatial Foundation Models (GFMs) are emerging as a powerful paradigm for learning semantically rich and geographically consistent visual and physical representations. However, their reliance on Earth-observation (EO) data leaves information about human activity largely underrepresented. Human mobility data reveals the functional and relational structure between regions that is missing from EO data, but is often limited only to the city where it is observed, making it challenging to use for transferable urban representation learning. We introduce MoRAX, a lightweight framework for augmenting geospatial embeddings with functional structure derived from human mobility. MoRAX preserves the coverage and consistency of a GFM while providing information about the functional connectivity among urban regions, permitting zero-shot deployment in unseen cities with or without available mobility data. Across four target cities spanning two countries, the MoRAX teacher model, which observes mobility, consistently outperforms GFMs and strong urban representation baselines in eight socioeconomic and environmental prediction tasks. Meanwhile, the student model, which never takes mobility data as input, approaches the teacher in performance on most tasks. Transfer results across countries further demonstrate that modulation conditioned on mobility flows provides a general mechanism for grounding geospatial foundations in the human dimension of cities.
