AI 中文总结
该研究针对EMCCD增益寄存器的增益与CIC产生，在emccd_detect中实现模拟，将EM增益的近似伽马分布替换为精确二项分布，提升了EMCCD数据拟合度，有望优化罗曼望远镜测试与信号提取。
AI 中文摘要
电子倍增电荷耦合器件（EMCCD）可在低信号环境中实现精确探测，能通过电子倍增探测单个光子，其应用包括暗天体天文学、量子光学、分子追踪等，还将用于罗曼望远镜日冕仪的暗伴星探测。在EMCCD中，光子撞击像素产生光电子，这些光电子在增益寄存器中从一个增益级移动到下一个增益级时通过碰撞电离倍增；高增益意味着高倍增因子，这通过增益级间的高电压差实现，若增益足够高，增益寄存器中时钟诱导电荷（CIC）产生的概率会增加。用于增益过程的概率分布函数通常仅考虑一个或多个电子进入增益寄存器时的电荷倍增。本文介绍了在罗曼望远镜所用EMCCD探测器模拟器emccd_detect中对该效应的模拟实现及其定制化；此外，该模拟器已更新为对EM增益使用精确二项分布，而非文献中常用的近似伽马分布，后者仅在计数值较大时有效。本文还分析了部分EMCCD数据，通过结合CIC_gain_register的最大似然估计表明，数据与二项分布的拟合度优于近似伽马/厄兰分布。从原理上讲，使用修正后的分布将提高罗曼望远镜测试的保真度，进而实现更优的EMCCD校准，以及从帧中提取更精确的信号。
英文摘要
An electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) is capable of precise detections in low-signal environments, able to detect a single photon through electron multiplication. It has many applications, such as faint-target astronomy, quantum optics, molecule tracing, and others, and it will be used for faint companion detection in the Roman Telescope's coronagraph instrument. In an EMCCD, photons hit the pixels, and photo-electrons are created; these are multiplied via impact ionization as they travel through the gain register from one gain stage to the next. A high gain means a high multiplication factor, and this is achieved through a high voltage difference across a gain stage. If the gain is high enough, the chance of clock-induced charge (CIC) production in the gain register increases. The probability distribution function governing the gain process typically used only accounts for charge multiplication if one or more electrons enter the gain register. I discuss my implementation of the simulation of this effect and its customization in emccd_detect, the EMCCD detector simulator used for the Roman Telescope. In addition, the simulator has been updated to use the exact binomial distribution for EM gain instead of the approximate Gamma distribution usually used in the literature, which is only valid for large counts. I also examine some EMCCD data and show through maximum likelihood estimation with CIC_gain_register that the data conform better to the binomial distribution versus the approximate Gamma/Erlang distribution. The use of the modified distribution would in principle improve the fidelity of Roman's testing and lead to better EMCCD calibration and more accurate signal extraction from a frame.
Comments15 pages, 7 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2026, submitted to JATIS
