城市气候系统中的人为热：强迫、敏感性与反馈
Anthropogenic Heat in Urban Climate Systems: Forcing, Sensitivity, and Feedback
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本综述构建强迫-响应-反馈框架，整合人为热通量在城市气候系统中作用的认知，明确未来研究重点，该通量是城市热岛效应关键驱动因子，相关物理认知仍较匮乏。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
人为热通量是指人类活动（如建筑能耗、交通、工业过程及人体新陈代谢）释放到环境中的热量，是城市气候系统的关键特征，对城市热岛（UHI）效应有重要贡献，还会影响多种城市气象过程，其重要性超出城市气候学范畴，因与能耗、温室气体排放及气候适应密切相关。尽管已有数十年研究，人为热通量仍是城市能量平衡中约束最差的组分之一。此外，其气候意义常从应用视角评估，较少关注建立可迁移的物理认知，即人为热通量如何作为强迫项、城市温度如何响应、反馈如何修改该响应。本综述构建了强迫-响应-反馈框架，整合当前对人为热通量在城市气候系统中作用的认知，并明确未来研究的重点方向。
英文摘要
Anthropogenic heat flux, the heat released to the environment from human activities such as building energy use, transportation, industrial processes, and human metabolism, is a defining feature of the urban climate system. It is an important contributor to the urban heat island (UHI) effect and influences a wide range of urban meteorological processes. Its significance extends beyond urban climatology because of its close connections to energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and climate adaptation. Despite decades of research, anthropogenic heat flux remains one of the least well-constrained components of the urban energy balance. Moreover, its climatic significance has often been assessed from an applied perspective, with less emphasis on developing transferable physical understanding of how anthropogenic heat flux acts as a forcing, how urban temperatures respond, and how feedbacks modify that response. This review develops a forcing-response-feedback framework for synthesizing current understanding of the role of anthropogenic heat flux in the urban climate system and identifies priorities for future research.
