AI 中文总结
本研究通过在一维量子液体中引入移动边界条件，利用超冷玻色气体实验观测到色散激波的标志性特征，且与数值模拟定量吻合，验证了色散激波现象学在非严格可积一维区域的稳健性。
AI 中文摘要
我们在一维量子液体中引入移动边界条件，以研究非线性波的破碎及其被色散的正则化效应。可编程光势使我们能够以最高达声速三倍的可调速度压缩原子芯片上的弱相互作用超冷玻色气体，随后我们通过准原位密度分布测量来提取激波边缘的动力学特性。我们同时解析了前缘和后缘的速度，观测到激波宽度随时间线性增加，这是色散激波的标志性特征，与使用Whitham方法的渐近预测一致。考虑成像过程和活塞势的有限高度后，我们发现与有限温度非多项式薛定谔方程模拟的定量吻合。我们的结果构成了对一维量子流体中色散激波动力学的可控定量测试，证明即使微观动力学偏离严格可积的一维区域，粗粒度的色散激波现象学仍然保持稳健。
英文摘要
We implement a moving boundary condition in a 1D quantum liquid to study nonlinear wave breaking and its regularization by dispersion. Programmable optical potentials allow us to compress a weakly interacting ultra-cold Bose gas trapped on an atomchip at tunable speeds of up to three times the speed of sound and we subsequently measure the quasi-in-situ density distribution to extract the shock wave edge dynamics. We resolve both leading and trailing edge velocities and observe a shock wave width that increases linearly in time, which are distinguishing features of dispersive shock waves, consistent with asymptotic predictions using Whitham's method. Quantitative agreement is found with finite temperature non-polynomial Schrödinger equation simulations, taking into account the imaging process and the finite height of the piston potential. Our results constitute a controlled, quantitative test of dispersive shock dynamics in a 1D quantum fluid and demonstrate that the coarse-grained dispersive-shock phenomenology remains robust even as the microscopic dynamics depart from the strictly integrable 1D regime.
Comments7 pages, 4 figures, 6-page SM, Comments welcome
