AI 中文总结
该研究开发了纳入极向磁场、深地壳加热与地壳弹性耦合效应的模型，确定了影响吸积中子星形变的阈值吸积率，预测其连续引力波信号可被下一代探测器探测，为相关引力波搜寻提供了理论支撑。
AI 中文摘要
来自低质量X射线双星中吸积中子星的连续引力波是当前及下一代地面探测器的主要目标之一。然而，为了筛选出最有前景的天体物理源，需要对信号进行可靠预测，因此有必要开发能一致解释磁应力、吸积诱导加热与地壳弹性响应综合效应的模型。我们提出了一种计算四极形变的模型，首次纳入了极向磁场、深地壳加热与地壳弹性的耦合效应。通过求解地壳内线性化形变方程组，计算由洛伦兹力密度和热诱导密度变化驱动的恒星结构扰动，其中我们考虑了完整的弹性响应，而将海洋和核心视为正压流体。我们确定了一个阈值吸积率，其值取决于地壳微物理和核心中的超流体能隙，高于该阈值时，磁应力与不对称吸积会驱动符号相反的形变，低于该阈值时，二者的作用则相反。预测的偏心率量级可达ε~10^-11，对应于下一代探测器（如爱因斯坦望远镜或宇宙探索者）可探测的特征引力波应变，但通常低于当前LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA干涉仪的灵敏度。这些结果与近期观测活动中未探测到低质量X射线双星中吸积中子星的连续引力波一致，但强调需要可靠模型来理解引力波发射在这些系统中的影响，并为未来搜寻筛选相关目标。
英文摘要
Continuous gravitational waves from accreting neutron stars in Low Mass X-ray Binaries are one of the main targets for current and next generation ground based detectors. In order to select the most promising astrophysical sources, however, reliable predictions for the signals are required, and it is therefore necessary to develop models that consistently account for the combined effects of magnetic stresses, accretion-induced heating, and the elastic response of the crust.}{We present a model for computing the quadrupolar deformation, incorporating for the first time the coupled effects of a poloidal magnetic field, deep crustal heating, and crustal elasticity. Perturbations to the star's structure driven by the Lorentz force density and by thermally-induced density variations are computed by solving a system of linearised deformation equations in the crust, for which we consider the full elastic response, while the ocean and core treated as barotropic fluids. We identify a threshold accretion rate whose value depends on crustal microphysics and the superfluid gaps in the core, above which magnetic stresses and asymmetric accretion drive deformations of opposite sign, while below this threshold their roles are reversed. The predicted eccentricities reach magnitudes up to $\varepsilon\sim 10^{-11}$, corresponding to characteristic gravitational-wave strains accessible to next-generation detectors such as the Einstein Telescope or Cosmic Explorer, but generally below the sensitivity of current LIGO, Virgo and KAGRA interferometers. These results are consistent with the non-detection of continuous gravitational waves from accreting neutron stars in Low Mass X-ray Binaries in recent observational campaigns, but highlight the need of reliable models to understand the impact of gravitational wave emission in these systems and select relevant targets for future searches.
