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arXiv 2608.17452cs.LG

因果局部状态:用于动力系统的可扩展同时因果网络推断与预测

Causal Local States: Scalable Simultaneous Causal Network Inference and Forecasting for Dynamical Systems

  • Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(慕尼黑大学)
  • Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln(科隆大学理论物理研究所)
  • Institut für KI-Sicherheit, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)(德国航空航天中心人工智能安全研究所)
  • Entrox Systems(恩特罗克斯系统公司)
  • Institut für Frontier Materials auf der Erde und im Weltraum, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)(德国航空航天中心地球与太空前沿材料研究所)

机构由 AI 辅助整理,请以论文原文为准。

Jonas Braun, Fabian Fischbach, Daniel Köglmayr, Sebastian Baur, Christoph Räth

AI总结:

本文提出因果局部状态(CLS)框架,可同时推断动力系统的近似格兰杰因果网络并预测其动力学,在三个基准测试中实现了高保真网络重构与匹配真实网络模型的预测效果,推动了复杂系统的可解释可扩展预测。

AI中文摘要:

机器学习方法能以出色的精度预测许多真实世界系统,但通常被视为黑箱,无法揭示哪些相互作用驱动了系统动力学。因果发现方法可从观测数据中重构相互作用网络,但不考虑推断出的结构是否支持预测。现有结合这两项任务的方法依赖单一全局超参数,如因果阈值或固定邻域大小,无法恢复异质系统的结构。本文引入因果局部状态(CLS)框架,该框架可同时推断近似格兰杰因果相互作用网络并预测系统动力学。针对每个节点,独立选择最小的邻域集合,使预测模型能近乎最优地预测该节点,随后将得到的邻域集合组合以预测整个系统。在三个难度递增的基准测试中,我们实现了对底层网络的高保真重构,且预测结果与配备真实网络的模型相当,为复杂系统的可解释和可扩展预测迈出了一步。

英文摘要:

Machine learning methods predict many real-world systems with remarkable accuracy, but they are typically treated as black boxes that offer no insight into which interactions drive the dynamics. Causal discovery methods reconstruct the interaction network from observational data, but without regard to whether the inferred structure supports prediction. Existing approaches combining both tasks rely on a single global hyperparameter, such as a causal threshold or a fixed neighborhood size, which cannot recover the structure of heterogeneous systems. Here we introduce causal local states (CLS), a framework that simultaneously infers an approximate Granger-causal interaction network and forecasts the system dynamics. For each node independently, we select the smallest set of neighbors that allows a predictive model to forecast the node near-optimally, and the resulting neighborhoods are then combined for a forecast of the full system. On three benchmarks of increasing difficulty, we achieve reconstruction of the underlying networks with high fidelity and forecasts on par with a model that is supplied with the true network, providing a step toward explainable and scalable forecasting of complex systems.

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