AI 中文总结
本研究提出基于实时位点分辨自适应保护的快速非破坏性读出架构，将100量子比特原子阵列的平均探测时间缩至15μs，实现1.7kHz时钟速率的量子电路运行，突破了非破坏性读出的时钟速率瓶颈。
AI 中文摘要
中性原子阵列已迅速发展到支持数千个量子比特并执行高保真逻辑操作。然而，这些处理器仍受限于其最慢的基本操作——非破坏性量子比特测量，该操作需要毫秒级时间，从根本上限制了系统的时钟速率。这一瓶颈源于两个方面：一是固有的光子预算困境——必须收集足够的荧光以实现可靠的态区分，同时避免过度加热或损失；二是基于帧的成像，该成像对本质上独立的局域位点测量施加了统一的曝光和决策延迟。在此，我们基于实时、位点分辨的自适应保护，克服了这些限制，构建了一种快速、非破坏性的读出架构。通过将连续光子计数与动态前馈框架集成，我们以亚微秒级延迟解码量子比特态，并即时屏蔽原子以避免冗余散射。在100量子比特可重构原子阵列上并行演示，其中25位点子阵列应用自适应保护，该动态决策协议将平均探测时间缩短至仅15μs。无模型基准测试得到的区分保真度为4.1×10⁻⁵，原子损失为2.1×10⁻⁴，同时创下原子阵列的新性能记录。利用这一能力，我们以前所未有的1.7kHz时钟速率运行重复量子电路，原子可在120个连续轮次中重复使用——比之前的记录提高了近7倍——并首次进入亚毫秒级循环机制。通过消除非破坏性读出作为主要循环时间瓶颈，本研究解锁了高时钟速率的电路中间综合征提取，为高吞吐量、容错量子计算铺平了道路。
英文摘要
Neutral-atom arrays have rapidly advanced to support thousands of qubits and execute high-fidelity logical operations. However, these processors remain severely throttled by their slowest fundamental operation: nondestructive qubit measurement, which requires milliseconds and fundamentally limits the system's clock rate. This bottleneck arises from both an inherent photon-budget dilemma---sufficient fluorescence for reliable state discrimination must be collected without excessive heating or loss---and frame-based imaging, which imposes one common exposure and decision latency on intrinsically independent, site-local measurements. Here, we overcome these limitations with a fast, nondestructive readout architecture based on real-time, site-resolved adaptive protection. By integrating continuous photon counting with a dynamic feedforward framework, we decode qubit states with sub-microsecond latency and instantly shield atoms from redundant scattering. Demonstrated in parallel across a 100-qubit reconfigurable atom array, with adaptive protection on a 25-site subarray, this dynamic decision protocol reduces the average probe time to just $15\ μ\text{s}$. Model-free benchmarking yields a discrimination infidelity of $4.1 \times 10^{-5}$ and an atom loss of $2.1 \times 10^{-4}$, simultaneously setting new performance records for atom arrays. Exploiting this capability, we operate repeated quantum circuits at an unprecedented 1.7 kHz clock rate with atoms reused over 120 consecutive rounds---nearly sevenfold higher than the previous record---and enter the sub-millisecond cycle regime for the first time. By removing nondestructive readout as the dominant cycle-time bottleneck, this work unlocks high-clock-rate mid-circuit syndrome extraction, paving the way for high-throughput, fault-tolerant quantum computation.
