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最终的图兰优良性I:边线性阈值与单调性

Turán-good monotonicity thresholds

Yuanpei Wang, Liying Kang, Xiamiao Zhao

arXiv 2608.17134首次发表:更新:

AI 中文总结

该论文正面解决图兰优良性的边线性阈值问题,将充分条件降至r≥168e(H),并否定其关于r的单调性,给出单调性阈值的上下界。

AI 中文摘要

图 $H$ 是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的,当且仅当对所有足够大的 $n$,图兰图 $T_r(n)$ 在所有不含 $K_{r+1}$ 的 $n$ 顶点图中,$H$ 的副本数量最多;若 $T_r(n)$ 是唯一的极值图,则称其为严格 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的。Morrison、Nir、Norin、Rzążewski 和 Wesolek 于 2023 年在《JCTB》上证明,当 $r\ge 300v(H)^9$ 时,所有图 $H$ 都是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的,他们提出两个问题:一是能否将充分条件 $r\ge 300v(H)^9$ 降至关于 $v(H)$ 的二次阶条件?二是图兰优良性是否关于 $r$ 单调?即若图 $H$ 是 $K_r$-图兰优良的,是否一定也是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的?我们正面解决了第一个问题,推导得到了更强的边数线性阈值:所有至少含一条边的图 $H$,当 $r\ge 168e(H)$ 时,既是严格 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的,也是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰稳定的;该条件对任意图是关于 $v(H)$ 的二次阶,对满足 $e(H)=O(v(H))$ 的稀疏图族是关于 $v(H)$ 的线性阶。我们对第二个问题给出否定答案:对每个 $r\ge3$,都存在一个图,它是严格 $K_r$-图兰优良的,但不是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的;更定量地,对每个足够大的 $h$,都存在顶点数 $v(H)\le h$ 的图 $H$ 和整数 $r=h-2\sqrt h+O(1)$,使得 $H$ 是严格 $K_r$-图兰优良的,但不是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的。定义单调性阈值 $\lambda(H)$ 为最小的整数 $R\ge2$,使得对所有 $r\ge R$,若 $H$ 是 $K_r$-图兰优良的,则它也是 $K_{r+1}$-图兰优良的;对 $\lambda_{\max}(h)=\max\{\lambda(H)\mid v(H)\le h\}$,我们的两个结果给出 $h-2\sqrt h-O(1)\le \lambda_{\max}(h)\le 84h^2$。

英文摘要

A graph $H$ is $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good if, for every sufficiently large $n$, the Turán graph $T_r(n)$ maximizes the number of copies of $H$ among all $n$-vertex $K_{r+1}$-free graphs. It is strictly $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good if $T_r(n)$ is the unique extremal graph. Morrison, Nir, Norin, Rzążewski and Wesolek [\emph{JCTB}, 2023] proved that every graph $H$ is $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good whenever $r\ge 300v(H)^9$. They raised the following two questions: 1.Can the sufficient condition $r\ge 300v(H)^9$ be reduced to a condition of quadratic order in $v(H)$? 2.Is the Turán-good property monotone in $r$? More precisely, if a graph $H$ is $K_r$-Turán-good, must it also be $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good? We affirmatively resolve the first question and derive an even stronger bound linear in the edge number: every graph $H$ with at least one edge is strictly $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good and $K_{r+1}$-Turán-stable whenever $r\ge 168e(H)$. This condition is quadratic in $v(H)$ for arbitrary graphs and linear in $v(H)$ for every sparse graph family with $e(H)=O(v(H))$. We answer the second question negatively. For every $r\ge3$, there exists a graph that is strictly $K_r$-Turán-good but not $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good. More quantitatively, for every sufficiently large $h$, there exists a graph $H$ with $v(H)\le h$ and an integer $r=h-2\sqrt h+O(1)$ such that $H$ is strictly $K_r$-Turán-good but not $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good. The monotonicity threshold $λ(H)$ is the least integer $R\ge 2$ such that, for every $r\ge R$, the graph $H$ is $K_{r+1}$-Turán-good whenever it is $K_r$-Turán-good. For \[ λ_{\max}(h)=\max\{λ(H)\mid v(H)\le h\}, \] our two results yield \[ h-2\sqrt h-O(1)\le λ_{\max}(h)\le 84h^2. \]

论文原文

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