AI 中文总结
该研究利用Wind航天器1995-2025年的质子密度数据，分析非广延q三重态参数的时间演化，证实太阳风特性受太阳活动调制，为相关研究提供独立验证。
AI 中文摘要
太阳风是一种湍流、弱碰撞等离子体，具有非高斯涨落、长程关联和多重分形动力学特征。我们使用Wind航天器1995年至2025年期间直接获取的每小时质子密度测量数据，研究这些特性的长期演化。采用单航天器数据集为从多航天器OMNI数据库得出的先前结果提供了独立验证。我们在每月滑动步长的一年滑动窗口内估计非广延q三重态的三个分量：从密度增量分布得到q_stat，从自相关函数衰减得到q_rel，从多重分形谱得到q_sens。它们的平均值q_stat=1.71±0.07、q_rel=4.62±0.52、q_sens=-0.45±0.27，证实了重尾统计、慢弛豫和弱混沌多重分形动力学的持续存在。然而，这些参数表现出明显的时间变异性，并与太阳活动存在关联：q_stat的傅里叶谱包含约10.1年的主导周期，其与太阳黑子数的相关性为中度正相关（r=0.611）；相关性和互信息分析显示，q_stat主要与太阳代理相关，q_sens与地磁指数的关联更强，q_rel的依赖性较弱；2004年前后q_stat的异常增强与一系列强烈的行星际扰动重合，但也需考虑Wind轨道转变的可能影响。这些发现证明了非广延描述的稳健性，表明太阳风质子密度的统计和动力学特性存在受太阳活动调制的证据。
英文摘要
The solar wind is a turbulent, weakly collisional plasma characterized by non-Gaussian fluctuations, long-range correlations, and multifractal dynamics. We investigate the long-term evolution of these properties using hourly proton density measurements obtained directly by the Wind spacecraft over 1995--2025. The use of a single-spacecraft dataset provides an independent test of previous results derived from the multi-spacecraft OMNI database. The three components of the nonextensive $q$-triplet are estimated within one-year sliding windows shifted monthly: $q_{stat}$ from the distribution of density increments, $q_{rel}$ from the decay of the autocorrelation function, and $q_{sens}$ from the multifractal spectrum. Their mean values, $q_{stat}=1.71\pm0.07$, $q_{rel}=4.62\pm0.52$, and $q_{sens}=-0.45\pm0.27$, confirm the persistent presence of heavy-tailed statistics, slow relaxation, and weakly chaotic multifractal dynamics. The parameters nevertheless exhibit distinct temporal variability and relationships with solar activity. The Fourier spectrum of $q_{stat}$ contains a dominant period of approximately $10.1$ years, while its correlation with the sunspot number is positive and moderate ($r=0.611$). Correlation and mutual-information analyses show that $q_{stat}$ is primarily associated with solar proxies, whereas $q_{sens}$ displays stronger relationships with geomagnetic indices and $q_{rel}$ exhibits weaker dependencies. An anomalous enhancement of $q_{stat}$ around 2004 coincides with a sequence of intense interplanetary disturbances, although possible effects related to Wind's orbital transition must also be considered. These findings demonstrate the robustness of the nonextensive description and show that the statistical and dynamical properties of solar wind proton density show evidence of modulation by solar activity.
