AI 中文总结
本综述聚焦星系团合并这一暗物质研究的宏观实验室，结合多波段观测与高保真N体模拟，探索暗物质是否为无碰撞粒子，推进超出标准宇宙学模型的物理研究。
AI 中文摘要
合并星系团是宇宙中用于探索暗 sector 新物理的最强大宏观实验室之一。高速宇宙碰撞会将暗物质和恒星成分与碰撞性极强、发射X射线的星系际气体分离开来，这些大质量系统为探测暗物质的基本性质提供了理想环境，具体可检验其是否表现为严格的无碰撞粒子，还是存在非零自相互作用。尽管像子弹星系团这样的开创性系统在历史上已证明了暗物质与普通物质的宏观解耦，该领域已发展为多学科方法驱动的复杂学科。本综述综合了碰撞后动力学解释的最新理论与实证进展，研究了引力透镜、X射线成像等多波段观测与高保真N体流体动力学模拟相结合的协同作用，如何将宏观空间观测转化为对微观粒子性质的严格约束。通过该综合分析，本研究评估了利用异质合并星系团集合如何可靠推进标准宇宙学模型之外的物理探索。
英文摘要
Merging galaxy clusters represent one of the most powerful macroscopic laboratories in the Universe for searching for new physics within the dark sector. High-velocity cosmic collisions inherently separate the dark matter and stellar components from the highly collisional, X-ray-emitting intracluster gas. These massive systems provide an ideal environment to probe the fundamental nature of dark matter, specifically testing whether it behaves as a strictly collisionless particle or exhibits non-zero self-interactions. While pioneering systems like the Bullet Cluster historically demonstrated the macroscopic decoupling of dark and ordinary matter, the field has evolved into a sophisticated discipline driven by multi-disciplinary methodologies. This review synthesizes recent theoretical and empirical advances in interpreting post-collision dynamics. It examines how the synergy of combined approaches---integrating multi-wavelength observations from gravitational lensing and X-ray mapping with high-fidelity N-body hydrodynamical simulations---allows the translation of macroscopic spatial observables into stringent constraints on microscopic particle properties. Through this synthesis, the work evaluates how leveraging heterogeneous merger ensembles can reliably advance the ongoing search for physics beyond the standard cosmological model.
Comments38 pages, 7 figures: Review accepted for publication in Universe
