稀疏覆盖:用于专利现有技术检索的语义中心表示
Sparse Coverage: Semantic Center Representations for Patent Prior-Art Retrieval
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中文总结 AI 辅助
针对专利现有技术检索的长文档特性,提出无监督语义检索框架Sparse Coverage,采用面向覆盖的k中心目标生成稀疏表示,在CLEF-IP 2013实验中其文档级召回率优于或媲美稠密专利编码器,可作为专利检索的有效第一阶段方法。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
专利现有技术检索是针对长且高度结构化技术文档的面向召回的搜索任务。稠密检索提升了语义匹配,但单向量表示可能将多个技术组件、功能和约束压缩到单个嵌入中。我们提出Sparse Coverage,这是一种无监督语义检索框架,可将局部片段嵌入映射到嵌入空间中心的稀疏词汇表。这些中心通过面向覆盖的k中心目标进行选择,片段会激活附近的中心以生成与倒排索引检索兼容的稀疏表示。在CLEF-IP 2013上的实验表明,Sparse Coverage在多种配置下与强大的稠密专利编码器的文档级召回率相当或更优,同时在段落级检索中仍具竞争力。通过结合局部语义证据与稀疏倒排索引搜索,Sparse Coverage为专利检索提供了一种有效的第一阶段检索方法。
英文摘要
Patent prior-art retrieval is a recall-oriented search task over long and highly structured technical documents. Dense retrieval improves semantic matching, but single-vector representations may compress multiple technical components, functions, and constraints into a single embedding. We propose Sparse Coverage, an unsupervised semantic retrieval framework that maps local span embeddings to a sparse vocabulary of embedding-space centers. The centers are selected with a coverage-oriented k-center objective, and spans activate nearby centers to produce sparse representations compatible with inverted-index retrieval. Experiments on CLEF-IP 2013 show that Sparse Coverage matches or exceeds the document-level recall of strong dense patent encoders in several configurations, while remaining competitive for passage-level retrieval. By combining local semantic evidence with sparse inverted-index search, Sparse Coverage provides an effective first-stage retrieval approach for patent search.
发表机构
- Questel(奎斯特尔公司)
- Inria(法国国家信息与自动化研究所)
- Université Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学)
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