发表机构
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)（阿卜杜拉国王科技大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究在OAI 5G基站中集成具备O-RAN感知服务的实时OFDM雷达，通过优化USRP X300的载波配置提升性能，实现无通信干扰的可靠感知。
AI 中文摘要
本文提出一种嵌入OpenAirInterface（OAI）5G基站进程的实时正交频分复用（OFDM）雷达。该雷达通过正则化逐元素除法去除通信符号，在不修改5G波形的前提下在线执行距离-多普勒处理和有序统计恒虚警率检测。所实现系统提供2.57米的标称距离分辨率和0.28米/秒的速度分辨率。硬件测量识别并缓解了若干特定实现的限制，最显著的是通用软件无线电外设（USRP）X300上与载波相关的确定性收发相位旋转。选择与调谐网格对齐的载波可将均值去除杂波抑制从-16.4分贝提升至38.0分贝，并将相干积分损耗从19.81分贝降低至0.27分贝。测量得到的处理增益与预测值高度吻合。工具化的工作时序确认了实时操作，保守利用率上限为58.4%，无 sounding 丢失。定制的E2服务模型E2SM-RADAR将检测结果和紧凑的慢时间产物导出至近实时的无线接入网智能控制器。端到端实时操作演示了可靠的传输，支持控制器侧跟踪、微多普勒分析和分类。在同一载波连接商用用户设备的情况下，测量显示启用感知功能后下行链路吞吐量估计无明显差异，而雷达感知带宽遵循调度器分配。
英文摘要
This paper presents a real-time orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar embedded in the OpenAirInterface (OAI) 5G base-station process. The radar removes communication symbols by regularized element-wise division and performs range-Doppler processing and ordered-statistic constant-false-alarm-rate detection online without modifying the 5G waveform. The implemented system provides 2.57 m nominal range resolution and 0.28 m/s velocity resolution. Hardware measurements identify and mitigate several implementation-specific limitations, most notably a deterministic carrier-dependent transmit-receive phase rotation on a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) X300. Selecting a tuning-grid-aligned carrier improves mean-removal clutter suppression from -16.4 dB to 38.0 dB and reduces coherent-integration loss from 19.81 dB to 0.27 dB. The measured processing gain closely agrees with its predicted value. Instrumented worker timing confirms real-time operation, with a conservative 58.4 percent utilization bound and no dropped soundings. A custom E2 service model, E2SM-RADAR, exports detections and a compact slow-time product to a near-real-time RAN Intelligent Controller. Live end-to-end operation demonstrates reliable delivery and supports controller-side tracking, micro-Doppler analysis, and classification. With a commercial user equipment connected on the same carrier, measurements show no measurable difference in downlink throughput estimate with sensing enabled, while the radar sensing bandwidth follows the scheduler allocation. Video demonstration can be found in youtube: youtu.be/GaYAcTJ8RKI
