毫米波自适应光学：实现最低阶泽尼克模式的闭环校正
Millimeter-wave adaptive optics: Demonstrating closed-loop correction for lowest Zernike modes
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究开发了一款五元毫米波自适应光学波前传感器，通过PI控制器闭环抑制最低阶泽尼克模式，为AtLAST/LST等未来大口径亚毫米波设施的计量学提供了基础。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
我们报告了一款用于毫米波自适应光学（MAO）的五元原型波前传感器，该传感器可通过次镜（M2）位移实现倾斜和散焦的闭环校正。MAO对大型地基毫米波/亚毫米波望远镜至关重要，可在风致和热致畸变下保持镜面精度。我们的传感器基于射电干涉测量技术，测量从主镜到焦平面接收机的额外光程差。此前一款二元原型在野边山45米望远镜上实现了小于10微米的精度。这款新的五元系统工作在20 GHz，被安装在同一台望远镜上。“月球边缘”实验证实，通过与连续谱流量的强相关性可检测波前梯度。采用PI控制器闭合传感器-M2回路，可稳定抑制最低阶泽尼克模式。该方法为未来大口径亚毫米波设施（如AtLAST/LST）的计量学奠定了基础。
英文摘要
We report on a five-element prototype wavefront sensor for millimeter-wave adaptive optics (MAO), enabling closed-loop correction of tip-tilt and defocus via secondary mirror (M2) displacement. MAO is essential for large ground-based millimeter/submillimeter telescopes to maintain surface accuracy under wind and thermal distortions. Our sensor, based on radio interferometry, measures excess path lengths from the primary mirror to a focal-plane receiver. A previous two-element prototype achieved < 10 um accuracy at the Nobeyama 45 m telescope. The new five-element system, operating at 20 GHz, was installed on the same telescope. A ``Moon-edge'' experiment confirmed detection of wavefront gradients through strong correlation with continuum flux. Implementing a PI controller closed the sensor-M2 loop, stably suppressing the lowest Zernike modes. This approach establishes a foundation for metrology in future large-aperture submillimeter facilities such as AtLAST/LST.
