发表机构
Nirma University; Indian Institute of Management Bangalore（尼尔玛大学; 印度管理学院班加罗尔分校）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
针对收集作业中车辆负载影响效率的问题，提出带无人机的旅行窃贼问题（TTP-D），构建混合整数线性规划，开发元启发式算法与基于注意力的DRL策略，提出学习者初始化混合求解器，实验表明其在基准集上性能接近基线且计算成本更低，还揭示租赁比率是利润主要驱动因素。
AI 中文摘要
在收集作业中，逐步累积的 payload 会减慢车辆速度，对路径规划效率产生累积惩罚。机载无人机可通过取回偏远物品抵消该惩罚，从而缩短制造时间（makespan）并提高运营利润。不过，行驶时间仍依赖负载，地面车辆收集的每件物品都会改变决定无人机发射和会合点的到达时间。本文提出带无人机的旅行窃贼问题（TTP-D），该问题通过联合优化物品选择、车辆路径规划和飞行同步，在扣除基于时间的租赁成本后最大化收集利润。我们构建了混合整数线性规划，可将小规模实例求解至最优；针对大规模实例，开发了元启发式算法和基于注意力的深度强化学习（DRL）策略。我们进一步提出学习者初始化混合求解器，其中 DRL 策略构建初始解，随后通过短时间退火运行进行优化。在两个基准集上，该混合求解器以元启发式基线算法的一小部分计算预算，恢复了其大部分解质量，不过最大规模实例仍需基线算法使用全部预算求解。最后，敏感性分析显示，租赁比率是利润的主要驱动因素，而机队参数仅对利润产生边际影响。
英文摘要
In collection operations, accumulating payload progressively slows the vehicle, imposing a cumulative penalty on routing efficiency. An onboard drone can offset this penalty by retrieving outlying items, thereby shortening the makespan and increasing operational profit. However, travel time remains load-dependent, and each item collected by the ground vehicle shifts the arrival times that govern the drone's launch and rendezvous points. This paper introduces the Travelling Thief Problem with Drone (TTP-D), which maximises the collected profit, net of a time-based rental cost, by jointly optimising item selection, vehicle routing, and flight synchronisation. We formulate a mixed-integer linear program that solves small instances to optimality, and develop both metaheuristics and an attention-based Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) policy for larger instances. We further propose a learner-initialised hybrid solver, in which the DRL policy constructs an initial solution that a short annealing run subsequently refines. On two benchmark sets, this hybrid recovers most of the metaheuristic baseline's quality at a fraction of its computational budget, although the largest instances still require the baseline at its full budget. Finally, a sensitivity analysis reveals that the rental ratio is the primary driver of profitability, whereas the fleet parameters affect profit only at the margin.
