估算2019至2025年向14家出版商支付的开放获取全球文章处理费
Estimating global article processing charges paid to 14 publishers for open access between 2019 and 2025
中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究结合14家出版商的APCs公开数据与OpenAlex的OA文章数据，估算出2019至2025年全球APCs总支出达150.8亿美元，经通胀调整后年度支出增长3倍多，且超85%支出集中于少数大型出版商，其方法解决了此前估算APCs的局限。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本研究估算了2019至2025年向14家出版商支付的开放获取（OA）全球文章处理费（APCs）支出。APCs是在完全OA期刊（金色OA）发表文章，或在订阅期刊中使单篇文章OA（混合OA）时收取的费用，但公众并不知晓具体支付金额及对应的文章类型。因此，我们整理了14家学术出版商（ACS、CUP、De Gruyter、EDP、Elsevier、Frontiers、IEEE、IOP、MDPI、OUP、PLOS、Sage、Springer Nature、Wiley）公开列出的APCs价格的开放数据集，并将其与OpenAlex的OA文章数量相结合。我们估算，2019至2025年全球APCs总支出为150.8亿美元（以2025年美元计）。经通胀调整后，年度支出从2019年的9亿美元增至2025年的37亿美元，增长了3倍多，且超过85%的支出集中在少数大型出版商手中。混合OA费用高于金色OA费用，且支付的中位数费用高于两者的公布中位数价格。我们的方法解决了此前估算APCs支出的重大局限，为学术出版中这一不透明方面提供了急需的见解，尤其是在 transformative agreements（ transformative协议）使理解OA出版成本变得更具挑战性的背景下。
英文摘要
This study presents estimates of the global expenditure on article processing charges (APCs) paid to 14 publishers for open access (OA) between 2019 and 2025. APCs are charged for publishing in fully OA journals (gold) and making individual articles OA in subscription journals (hybrid), but how much is paid, and for which articles, is not publicly known. We therefore curated an open dataset of publicly listed APC prices from 14 academic publishers (ACS, CUP, De Gruyter, EDP, Elsevier, Frontiers, IEEE, IOP, MDPI, OUP, PLOS, Sage, Springer Nature, and Wiley) and combined it with counts of OA articles from OpenAlex. We estimate that \$15.08 billion (in 2025 USD) was spent globally on APCs between 2019 and 2025. Adjusted for inflation, annual spending quadrupled from \$0.9 billion in 2019 to \$3.7 billion in 2025, with >85% concentrated among a few large publishers. Hybrid OA fees exceed gold fees, and the median fee paid is higher than the median price listed for both. Our approach addresses major limitations in previous efforts to estimate APC spending, offering much-needed insight into an opaque aspect of scholarly publishing, especially as transformative agreements make it more challenging to understand the costs of publishing OA.
