发表机构
School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University; Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University; Minds and Intelligences Research Centre, Macquarie University; Frontier AI Research Centre, Macquarie University; Scuola Superiore Meridionale; School of Computing, Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学心理科学学院; 麦考瑞大学表现与专长研究中心; 麦考瑞大学心智与智能研究中心; 麦考瑞大学前沿人工智能研究中心; 南方高等学院; 麦考瑞大学计算学院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该论文提出以过程构成智能的准则，定义人类与机器认知的强等价的七个过程特征，明确GenAI的设计原则与过程审计方法，以避免外包人类生成过程导致关键能力缺失。
AI 中文摘要
智能由过程（即产生输出的迭代活动）构成，而非输出本身。生成式AI（GenAI）基于痕迹（人类认知过程的文本和视觉残留）进行训练，从这些痕迹的分布中复现样本。其输出类似推理、问题解决和创造力，但人类产生此类输出的活动在很大程度上缺失。因此，当前GenAI与其模仿的认知仅为弱等价，即输出匹配但过程缺失或不透明。认知科学长期区分弱等价与强等价，本文定义了跨七个过程特征的强等价，可通过人类与机器认知进行评估。本文基于过程的解释解决了一种对称风险：GenAI工具若外包人类的生成过程，可能导致关键能力无法形成。本文明确了GenAI的设计原则，以体现更多过程、保留而非削弱人类的判断与创造力，并概述了使强等价可测试的过程审计方法。
英文摘要
Intelligence is constituted by \textit{process} (iterative activity through which output emerges), not in the output itself. Generative AI (GenAI) is trained on \textit{traces} (textual and visual residues of human cognitive processes), reproducing samples from a distribution of those traces. Its outputs resemble reasoning, problem-solving, and creativity, yet the activity that produces such outputs in humans remains largely absent. Current GenAI is, therefore, weakly equivalent to the cognition it imitates, matching outputs while process stays absent or opaque. The cognitive sciences have long distinguished between weak and strong equivalence. Here, we define \textit{strong} equivalence across seven process features, assessable against human and machine cognition. Our process-based account addresses a symmetric risk: GenAI tools that outsource a person's generative processes may leave critical capacities unbuilt. We specify design principles for GenAI that instantiate more process and preserve rather than erode human judgment and creativity, and outline process audits that make strong equivalence testable.
Commentsv2: revised throughout for clarity and consistency; supplementary cross-references corrected
