利用方位测量与光曲线提升相对轨道估计的可观测性
Improving Observability of Relative Orbit Estimation Using Bearing Measurements and Light Curves
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究提出融合方位测量与光曲线的相对轨道估计方案，采用Ashikhmin-Shirley模型与Fisher信息矩阵分析，经数值模拟验证可提升可观测性与收敛速度，适用于在轨服务任务。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
利用光学观测进行相对轨道估计是在轨服务任务的关键技术。在远场阶段，目标表现为未分辨的点源，仅能提供服务卫星的方位角（方位角和仰角）。仅角度导航因相对距离的可观测性较弱而固有地具有挑战性。为解决这一局限，本研究探究了融合光度光曲线数据与方位测量的估计方案的有效性。由于光强依赖于相对距离，融合光曲线可提升相对状态的可观测性。采用Ashikhmin-Shirley模型作为光学反射模型，并利用Fisher信息矩阵进行可观测性分析。涉及不同目标构型（平板与箱型翼卫星）的数值模拟表明，与传统状态估计方法相比，整合光曲线测量显著提升了可观测性并实现了更快的收敛速度。
英文摘要
Relative orbit estimation using optical observations is a key technology for on-orbit servicing missions. In the far-range phase, the target appears as an unresolved point source, providing only bearing angles (azimuth and elevation) from the servicing satellite. Angles-only navigation is inherently challenging due to the weak observability of the relative range. To address this limitation, this study investigates the effectiveness of an estimation scheme that fuses photometric light curve data with bearing measurements. Since the light intensity depends on the relative distance, fusing light curves enhances the observability of the relative state. The Ashikhmin-Shirley model is used as the optical reflectance model, and observability analysis is conducted with the Fisher information matrix. Numerical simulations involving different target geometries, a flat plate and a box-wing satellite, demonstrate that integrating light curve measurements significantly enhances observability and enables faster convergence compared to conventional state estimation methods.
