含暗物质的夸克星：相对论双流体方法
Dark Matter Admixed Quark Stars: A Relativistic Two-Fluid Approach
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文采用双流体方法构建模型，研究含5%占比暗物质的夸克星的非旋转与慢旋转特性，发现其恒星特征显著偏离传统单流体夸克星，且模型与GW事件及NICER观测数据一致。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文研究含暗物质的夸克星的恒星性质，关注非旋转和慢旋转构型。采用双流体框架构建广义托尔曼-奥本海默-沃尔科夫方程，将暗物质与普通物质视为仅通过引力相互作用的独立理想流体。普通物质采用色味锁定（color-flavor-locked）和MIT袋模型物态方程，暗物质采用自相互作用玻色凝聚态及费米子物态方程。考虑暗物质占比$f_\text{x}=5\%$并改变普通物质的袋常数，探究暗物质积累如何影响最大引力质量、半径、无量纲潮汐形变率等全局恒星特征。进一步将分析扩展至一阶旋转效应，计算参考系拖曳方程及转动惯量对双流体系统的影响，还探讨了旋转与潮汐效应间的普适关系，以理解暗物质的引入如何改变旋转与潮汐形变率的关系。研究发现，$f_\text{x}=5\%$的暗物质占比可导致恒星半径、引力质量和潮汐形变率显著偏离传统单流体夸克星特征；即便包含暗物质组分，系统对旋转和潮汐力的响应仍保持一致。最后将理论结果与引力波（GW）事件及NICER任务的现有观测数据对比，证明所构建的双流体模型与观测结果一致。
英文摘要
In this paper, we examine the stellar properties of quark stars containing dark matter, focusing on both non-rotating and slowly rotating configurations. By employing a two-fluid framework, we formulate the generalized Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff equations, treating dark matter and ordinary matter as independent perfect fluids that interact solely through gravitational forces. We model ordinary matter using the color-flavor-locked and the MIT bag model equation of state, while for dark matter, we apply a self-interacting bosonic condensate along with fermionic equation of state. By considering a dark matter fraction of $f_\x=5\%$ and varying the bag constant for ordinary matter, we investigate how dark matter accumulation affects global stellar features such as maximum gravitational mass, radius, and dimensionless tidal deformability. Further, we extend our analysis to first-order rotational effects, calculating the frame-dragging equation and the influence of moments of inertia on the two-fluid system. We also explore universal relations, particularly the connection between rotation and tidal effects, to understand how the inclusion of dark matter affects the relationship between rotational and the tidal deformability. Our findings indicate that a dark matter fraction of $f_\x=5\%$ can lead to notable deviations from the traditional single-fluid quark star characteristics in stellar radius, gravitational mass and tidal deformability. Moreover, the response to rotational and tidal forces remains consistent even in the inclusion of the dark matter component. Finally, we compare our theoretical results with current observational data from GW events and the NICER mission, thereby demonstrating that our developed two-fluid models are consistent with these observations.
