电子多体纠缠的输运噪声见证
Transport-Noise Witnesses of Electronic Multipartite Entanglement
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文提出一种基于输运噪声谱的协议，可用于认证极低温材料中多体纠缠电子态，在转角双层石墨烯等体系中成功验证了分数量子霍尔绝缘态的纠缠。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
粒子间的纠缠是强关联量子材料的核心特征，使其有别于常规金属和半导体。在固态材料中认证相互作用电子间的本征纠缠，不仅对分类量子物质态至关重要，也对开发基于材料的量子技术意义重大。本文提出一种基于输运的协议，用于见证多体纠缠电子态，该协议以平衡态噪声谱这一可实验观测的物理量为基础。经适当积分、对称化和投影后的电流噪声遵循一个可从微观模型参数推导的上限，且该上限与电子基的选择无关。我们在多个典型体系中对该框架进行了基准测试，包括转角双层石墨烯、转角双层MoTe₂和哈伯德模型，成功认证了分数量子霍尔绝缘态中的纠缠。该方法将近期开发的基于散射的纠缠见证技术拓展至极低温材料领域，这类材料中常规光谱探针无法使用，但预计会出现候选纠缠态。
英文摘要
Entanglement among particles is a defining feature of strongly correlated quantum materials, distinguishing them from conventional metals and semiconductors. The ability to certify intrinsic entanglement among interacting electrons in solid-state materials is important not only for classifying quantum states of matter, but also for developing material-based quantum technologies. Here, we introduce a transport-based protocol for witnessing multipartite entangled electronic states, based on the equilibrium noise spectrum as an experimentally accessible observable. The appropriately integrated, symmetrized, and projected current noise obeys an upper bound that can be derived from microscopic model parameters and is invariant with respect to the choice of electronic basis. We benchmark this framework in several paradigmatic systems, including twisted bilayer graphene, twisted bilayer MoTe$_2$, and Hubbard models, certifying entanglement in the fractional Chern insulating state. The method extends recently developed scattering-based entanglement witnesses to ultralow-temperature materials, where conventional spectroscopic probes are inaccessible but candidate entangled states are expected to arise.
