亮量子光的亚周期计量学
Sub-cycle metrology of bright quantum light
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究调整阿秒技术，以亚周期精度捕获飞秒亮压缩真空的电场演化，利用其随机相位翻转生成拍赫兹级量子随机比特序列，为测量量子光-物质相互作用及集成量子随机性到拍赫兹电子学铺路。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在量子光学中，电磁场的量子化通常发生在有限体积（即腔）内，这会产生离散的频率模式，光子在这些模式之间产生、湮灭和交换。因此，量子光学态的演化在该场的载波上是周期性的，测量协议返回周期平均信息，而对许多光-物质相互作用（尤其是在高场强下）至关重要的任何亚周期演化仍处于隐藏状态。我们调整了一种阿秒技术，在此以亚周期精度捕获量子光学态（飞秒亮压缩真空）的电场演化，发现其在每个泵浦脉冲内包含许多随机的、时间局域化的脉冲，这些脉冲的相位在两个值之间随机切换。我们利用这些随机相位翻转生成量子随机比特序列，其生成速率可达拍赫兹频率。此外，亚周期分辨率使我们能够测量任意两个时刻之间波形的相干函数，我们用时限模式的叠加来解释这一现象。这些结果连接了阿秒计量学和量子光学，为测量量子光-物质相互作用（当其在几飞秒时间尺度上演化时）铺平了道路，并将量子随机性集成到拍赫兹电子学中。
英文摘要
In quantum optics, quantization of the electromagnetic field typically occurs in a finite volume - a cavity - which results in discrete frequency modes where photons are created, annihilated and exchanged between such modes. As a result, evolution of quantum optical states is periodic in the carrier wave of the field, measurement protocols return cycle-averaged information, and any sub-cycle evolution that is foundational to many light-matter interactions, especially at high field strengths, remains hidden. Adapting an attosecond technique, here we capture the electric-field evolution of a quantum optical state, femtosecond bright squeezed vacuum, with sub-cycle precision. We find that it consists of many stochastic, time-localized bursts within each pump pulse whose phase randomly switches between two values. We exploit the random phase flips to generate quantum random bit sequences with a generation rate that can reach petahertz frequencies. In addition, the sub-cycle resolution allows us to measure coherence functions of the waveforms between any two times, which we explain with a superposition of time-limited modes. These results bridge attosecond metrology and quantum optics and pave the way to measuring quantum light-matter interactions as they evolve on a few-femtosecond time scale, and integrate quantum randomness in petahertz electronics.
