詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜通用观测项目的社交网络分析：去中心化等级制的出现
A Social Network Analysis of JWST General Observer Programs: The Emergence of a Decentralized Heterarchy
浏览论文内容
中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究分析JWST前5个周期GO项目的研究者社交网络，发现其研究者层面网络高度去中心化，对望远镜访问政策与策略有启示。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
开发空间望远镜运行项目的提案涉及天文学家围绕观测思路与计划形成的网络，将这些项目层面的网络汇总后，可构建并分析使用该望远镜的天文学家整体社交网络的集体结构。本研究利用詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜（JWST）前五个周期已通过的通用观测（GO）项目的项目级研究者数据开展上述分析，汇总后的网络包含5252名独特天文学家，基于项目级参与形成了144740条关联。研究采用模块度类系数可视化汇总网络中演化出的子社群，共出现10个主导子社群，这些子社群与空间望远镜科学研究所（STScI）定义的JWST科学类别的关联程度各异，且在规模、代表国家与机构的多样性方面存在差异。对子社群内研究者研究兴趣的分析显示，沿图谱长轴的分离与社群层面开展的科学规模（天文单位（AU）尺度vs千秒差距（kpc）-吉秒差距（Gpc）尺度）相关。尽管基于机构隶属关系和机构所在国家的社交网络结构高度集中，但研究者层面的汇总网络呈现高度等级化且去中心化的特征，似乎支持跨学科互动，以及行星系统科学与宇宙结构科学之间广泛且冗余的制度化整合，而非由少数关键中介者介导。研究结果对访问政策（望远镜的时间分配过程会留下去中心化等级制社交网络的遗产）和访问策略（天文学家在使用望远镜前需接入网络）具有启示意义。
英文摘要
Developing proposals to execute programs on space telescopes involves networks of astronomers coalescing around ideas and plans for observations. When aggregated, these program level networks allow a collective structure of the overall social network of astronomers using a telescope to be created and analysed. We do this using program level investigator data over the first five cycles of accepted General Observer (GO) programs on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The aggregate network contains 5252 unique astronomers with 144740 connections between them based on their program level participation. We apply a modularity class coefficient to visualize the sub communities that evolved within the aggregate network. Ten dominant sub communities emerge that are shown to correlate at various levels with the JWST scientific categories as defined by the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). These sub communities vary in size as well as diversity of countries and institutions represented. Analysis of the research interests of investigators within sub communities reveals that separation along the long axis of the graph is associated with the scale of science performed at community level (AU scale vs kpc Gpc scale). While the social network structures based on institutional affiliation and country of institution are highly centralized, the aggregate network at the investigator level is highly heterarchical and decentralized. It appears to be supportive of cross disciplinary interaction, and institutionalized integration between planetary system and cosmic structure science that is wide and redundant, rather than mediated by a small set of critical brokers. Results have implications for access policy (time allocation processes on telescopes leaving behind a legacy of heterarchical social networks) and access strategy (astronomer need to access networks before accessing telescopes).
