用于自适应电磁防护的片上纳米等离子体
On-chip nanoplasma for adaptive electromagnetic protection
AI总结：
该研究提出由氮化镓电极与碳化硅衬底构成的片上纳米等离子体开关，将其集成到超表面等器件中，实现自适应电磁防护，可用于保护无人机、雷达等平台，适配毫米波与太赫兹频率。
AI中文摘要：
在过去十年中，半导体二极管一直是自适应电磁（EM）防护中的主要开关元件，但寄生效应和热积累损害了其性能，使其无法应对快速发展的高功率微波（HPM）威胁。本文展示了由碳化硅衬底上的氮化镓电极构成的片上纳米等离子体开关（NPMS），具备优异的射频（RF）和热特性，是射频前端保护器中理想的场驱动开关。通过将NPMS集成到超表面、天线和限幅器电路中，我们实现了自适应响应，可确保正常信号的低损耗传输，同时对HPM实现高屏蔽效果，还提供了更宽的工作带宽和比传统固态器件高得多的耐受能力。这种坚固的纳米级结构在保护无人机、雷达、卫星及其他需要电磁环境强度和稳定性的高度集成平台方面具有重大潜力。本研究的发现为下一代射频前端的高精度探测与成像电磁安全开辟了新途径，且可直接扩展至毫米波和太赫兹频率。
英文摘要：
Over the past decade, semiconductor diodes have served as the primary switching elements in adaptive electromagnetic (EM) protection, yet their performance has been compromised by parasitic effects and thermal accumulation, rendering them inadequate against the rapidly evolving landscape of high-power microwave (HPM) threats. Here we show that on-chip nanoplasma switches (NPMS), composed of gallium nitride electrodes on silicon carbide substrates, exhibit superior radio frequency (RF) and thermal characteristics, positioning them as ideal field-driven switches in RF front-end protectors. By integrating NPMS into metasurfaces, antennas and circuit limiters, we achieve an adaptive response that ensures low-loss transmission for normal signals and high shielding against HPMs, while offering extended operating bandwidth and substantially higher tolerance than conventional solid-state devices. This robust, nanoscale structure has significant potential for protecting unmanned aerial vehicles, radars, satellites and other highly integrated platforms requiring strength and stability in EM environments. The findings of this study open up new routes to support EM safety of high-precision detection and imaging for next-generation RF front ends, with straightforward scalability to millimetre-wave and terahertz frequencies.
