AI 中文总结
本研究利用可编程圆形相控阵合成标量声学环形涡旋，通过控制极向与环形缠绕数实现霍普夫子及多种拓扑结构，建立了可重构声学平台。
AI 中文摘要
环形涡旋是三维环形的波结构，特征为沿闭合涡旋线的相位环流，其环形几何为构建链环状和纽结状波结构提供了天然基础。本研究利用可编程圆形相控阵实验合成标量声学环形涡旋，通过完整时空测量直接解析出环形包络、闭合相位奇点环、相关极向相位缠绕及波包的自由空间演化。通过沿环形周期引入独立控制的相位缠绕，实现了标量声学霍普夫子（hopfion），并从测得的复压力场直接重构其三维等相位纤维。改变极向与环形缠绕数可控制相位纤维的几何、链环与连通性，得到霍普夫链、多组分环形链环及三叶纽结。这些结果为标量环形波场的几何、传播动力学及相位纤维拓扑提供了直接实验途径，建立了用于链环状和纽结状波结构的可重构声学平台。
英文摘要
Toroidal vortices are three-dimensional torus-shaped wave structures characterized by phase circulation around a closed vortex line. Their toroidal geometry provides a natural foundation for constructing linked and knotted wave structures. Here we experimentally synthesize scalar acoustic toroidal vortices using a programmable circular phased array. Full spatiotemporal measurements directly resolve the toroidal envelope, the closed phase-singularity ring, the associated poloidal phase winding, and the free-space evolution of the wave packet. By introducing an independently controlled phase winding along the toroidal cycle, we realize scalar acoustic hopfions and directly reconstruct their three-dimensional equiphase fibers from the measured complex pressure field. Varying the poloidal and toroidal winding numbers controls the phase-fiber geometry, linking, and connectivity, yielding a Hopf link, a multicomponent torus link, and a trefoil knot. These results provide direct experimental access to the geometry, propagation dynamics, and phase-fiber topology of scalar toroidal wave fields, establishing a reconfigurable acoustic platform for linked and knotted wave structures.
