早期宇宙中原初天体通过氢次级线的观测表现
Observational Manifestations of Primordial Objects in the Early Universe Through the Hydrogen Subordinate Lines
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究提出原初天体通过发射少量电子伏特光子布居氢次级能级，可在宇宙微波背景中形成类夫琅禾费吸收光谱，该效应有望被大型射电望远镜观测。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
本文提出了一种在红移z~1000至~100的原初大质量致密天体（如原初黑洞）附近，宇宙微波背景辐射产生谱空间畸变的新机制。氢复合后，这些天体的辐射会显著增加其周围环境中氢次级能级的粒子数，从而使得在宇宙微波背景中观测到类夫琅禾费吸收光谱成为可能。这种畸变由对应时期物质与遗迹辐射的温度差形成，最终我们应观测到天体周围具有小角尺度的圆形吸收或发射特征。这些氢次级线目前处于射电波长范围。估算表明，所考虑的该效应可被计划中的大型射电望远镜观测到。该机制的可行性在于，天体（如黑洞周围的吸积盘）能够发射少量电子伏特的光子，这些光子会布居氢的n=2、3、4及更高能级，从而实现所需的激发。
英文摘要
A new mechanism for the formation of spectral--spatial distortions in cosmic microwave background radiation near primordial massive compact objects (such as primordial black holes) at redshifts from $z \sim 1000$ to $\sim$100 is proposed. After hydrogen recombination, the radiation from these objects leads to a significant increase in the population of hydrogen subordinate levels in their surrounding environment. Consequently, this allows for the observation of a Fraunhofer-like absorption spectrum in the cosmic microwave background. Such a distortion is formed due to the temperature difference between matter and relic radiation at the corresponding epoch. Ultimately, we should observe circular absorption or emission features around the objects with small angular sizes. These subordinate hydrogen lines currently lie in the radio wavelength range. Estimates indicate that the effect under consideration is accessible for the observations with planned large radiotelescopes. The possibility of the proposed mechanism lies in the ability of an object (e.g., accretion disk around black hole) to emit few-eV photons that populate the $n=2,3,4$ and higher levels of hydrogen, enabling the required excitation.
