基于系统发育的生物多样性度量：概念与方法
Phylogeny-based metrics of biodiversity: concepts and methods
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本章综述基于系统发育的生物多样性度量框架，介绍Faith的PD及EDGE、EDGE2等指数的发展、应用，探讨其优缺点与未来研究方向。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
重视进化历史的概念由来已久，20世纪90年代初多个研究团队将其正式确立，各团队旨在比单纯的物种丰富度更全面地捕捉进化产物。保护“生命之树”自此成为保护生物学的核心目标，尽管有时存在争议。Faith的系统发育多样性（PD）定义为连接一组焦点实体的有根树的边长度之和，是该领域最广泛使用的度量，支撑着庞大的方法框架，其中包括EDGE等广泛使用的物种特异性指数，以及量化物种对PD预期贡献的EDGE2等方法。本章聚焦于基于系统发育的保护度量框架的发展，综述物种特异性指数的发展，强调其优缺点，追溯其从简单公式到博弈论方法及更抽象概括的演进，还讨论这些指数在保护实践中的应用，重点关注EDGE框架，进一步探讨系统发育的边长度与其所代表的进化特征的关系，最后强调该领域的最新进展并指出未来研究方向。
英文摘要
The concept of valuing evolutionary history has a long tradition and was formalized by several research groups in the early 1990s, each aiming to capture the products of evolution more comprehensively than species richness alone. Preserving the "Tree of Life" has since become a central, if sometimes contested, goal in conservation biology. Faith's phylogenetic diversity (PD), defined as the sum of the edge lengths of a rooted tree connecting a set of focal entities, is the most widely used metric in this context and underpins an extensive methodological framework. This framework includes widely used species-specific indices such as EDGE, as well as approaches that quantify expected species-specific contributions to PD such as EDGE2. This chapter focuses on the development of this framework of phylogeny-based conservation metrics. We review the development of species-specific indices, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and trace their progression from simple formulations to game-theoretic approaches and more abstract generalizations. We also discuss how these indices are applied in conservation practice, with particular emphasis on the EDGE framework. We further discuss the relationship between the edge lengths of a phylogeny and the evolutionary features they are intended to represent. Finally, we highlight recent advances in the field and identify areas for future research.
