AI 中文总结
该研究利用虚人工规范场，通过旋磁元件与亚波长金属谐振器合成磁电响应，实现偏振无关超表面，达成单向透射超80%、反向吸收超80%的非互易性能，为无源非互易器件提供新途径。
AI 中文摘要
电磁非互易性使波在传播方向反转时呈现不同响应，构成隔离器、定向路由及非对称能量控制的基础。核心挑战在于在单个无源元件中实现某一方向的高透射，同时在相反方向诱导强吸收，因为无源材料的损耗通常会同等衰减两个传播通道。本文证明，虚人工规范场可在无源结构中重新分配相反方向的净损耗。通过从旋磁元件和亚波长金属谐振器合成运动型磁电响应，我们实现了偏振无关的超表面：正向波通过相消电流干涉弱激发耗散共振，而反向波通过相长干涉强激活同一损耗模式。所制备的超表面从一侧透射超过80%的入射功率，同时从另一侧吸收超过80%的入射功率，且两个方向的反射均较低。表面电场的近场成像为这种由规范场控制的、与方向相关的电荷积累和耗散提供了直接的实空间证据。本研究确立虚规范场是开放波系统中设计耗散分布的有力途径，为紧凑型、无源、无反射隔离器及非互易吸收器开辟了道路。
英文摘要
Electromagnetic nonreciprocity enables waves to respond differently when their propagation direction is reversed, forming the basis of isolation, directional routing, and asymmetric energy control. A central challenge is to achieve high transmission in one direction while inducing strong absorption in the opposite direction within a single passive element, as passive material dissipation typically attenuates both propagation channels equally. Here we demonstrate that an imaginary artificial gauge field can redistribute net dissipation between opposite directions in a passive structure. By synthesizing a moving-type magnetoelectric response from gyromagnetic elements and subwavelength metallic resonators, we realize a polarization-independent metasurface in which the forward wave weakly excites the dissipative resonance through destructive current interference, whereas the backward wave strongly activates the same lossy mode through constructive interference. The fabricated metasurface transmits more than 80% of the incident power from one side while absorbing more than 80% from the opposite side, with low reflection from both directions. Near-field mapping of the surface electric field provides direct real-space evidence of this gauge-controlled, direction-dependent charge accumulation and dissipation. This work establishes imaginary gauge fields as a powerful route for engineering dissipative landscapes in open wave systems and opens a pathway toward compact, passive, reflectionless isolators and nonreciprocal absorbers.
Comments19pages, 4 figures,
