AI 中文总结
本研究以芝加哥住宅为案例，利用ResStock模型，发现提升窗户SHGC可显著减少寒冷气候下的建筑碳排放，结合未来气候与电网排放趋势，高SHGC窗户改造兼具能源效益与碳减排价值。
AI 中文摘要
现有资源对于寒冷气候下住宅建筑改造中，高与低太阳得热系数（SHGC）窗户的能源效益存在混淆，且鲜有研究考虑未来预期气候条件与时变电网排放率对能源相关指标的影响。本研究利用美国国家可再生能源实验室（NREL）的住宅建筑存量模型ResStock，对美国寒冷城市芝加哥的窗户SHGC提升改造展开研究。结果表明，窗户SHGC提升会增加夏季制冷需求，但多数情况下该影响会被冬季供暖需求的减少所抵消，结合该州预期的长期边际碳排放率，这种平衡尤为有益。研究还考察了高SHGC与改进窗户隔热值的组合效应，证明此类战略性窗户改造不仅能提升建筑整体能源性能，还能实现更大幅度的减排。当前芝加哥住宅（n=4826）通过提升窗户SHGC，平均可减少4.6%的供暖与制冷碳排放；若假设这些住宅加装热泵（电气化改造，一种尤其可降低供暖相关碳排放的流行改造方式），提升窗户SHGC可节省2.5%的长期边际碳排放。这些结果为寒冷气候下高SHGC替换窗户的碳效益提供了新见解，即便考虑气候变暖、电网排放需求上升及建筑电气化等未来趋势，该效益仍十分显著。
英文摘要
Existing resources leave confusion over the benefits of high versus low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) windows for energy performance in residential buildings retrofits in cold climates. Additionally, few studies have considered the impact of expected future climate conditions and time-variable grid emission rates on energy-related metrics. Utilizing the ResStock, residential building stock models from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), this study investigates retrofits increasing the SHGC of windows in Chicago, a cold US city. The results indicate that increasing window SHGC increases summer cooling needs; however, in most cases, this effect is more than offset by reduced winter heating needs. This balance is particularly beneficial considering the state's expected long-run marginal carbon emission rates. The study also examines the combined effects of high SHGC with improved window insulation values, demonstrating that such strategic window retrofits not only enhance overall building energy performance but also contribute to greater emission reductions. On average, the current Chicago residences (n = 4,826) save 4.6 % on heating and cooling carbon emissions by increasing the SHGC of the windows. If we assume that those homes are upgraded with heat pumps (electrification), a popular retrofit that reduces heating-related carbon emissions in particular, the increased window SHGC saves 2.5 % of long-run marginal carbon emissions. These results provide new insight into the carbon benefits of higher SHGC replacement windows in a cold climate. The benefits are significant, even considering future trends of a warming climate, higher demand grid emissions, and building electrification.
Comments19 pages, 10 figures. Published in Energy and Buildings 327 (2025) 115080
Journal refEnergy and Buildings 327 (2025) 115080
DOI：10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115080
