AI 中文总结
该研究将种群统计随机性纳入复杂生态系统的规则模型，发现其通过剔除低丰度物种提升系统稳定性，存活物种比例呈重尾衰减，使生态系统在混沌确定性极限下自稳定并涌现亚稳态。
AI 中文摘要
灭绝是不可避免的，每个物种最终都会灭绝，这会影响其所在的生态系统。在过去几十年中，源于稳定性-多样性之争的大量研究探讨了物种多样性如何促进大型生态系统的稳定性。然而，传统的稳定性标准往往依赖确定性框架，忽略了内在的种群波动——这种波动使得任何物种都可能因偶然因素灭绝。在本文中，我们将种群统计随机性（demographic stochasticity）纳入基于规则模型的大型复杂生态系统中。我们证明，这种种群统计波动会迅速从生态群落中剔除低丰度物种，从而确保更高的系统稳定性。通过建立自下而上的理论来表征灭绝动力学的统计特征，我们发现存活物种的比例随时间呈现异常的重尾衰减，这揭示了具有强亚稳态的残余群落的涌现。我们的结果强调，当考虑种群统计波动时，即使在确定性极限下预测生态系统是混沌的，生态系统也会通过减少自身多样性来自行稳定。
英文摘要
Extinction is inevitable; every species eventually dies out, impacting the ecosystem it is part of. Over the past few decades, extensive research stemming from the stability-diversity debate has addressed how species diversity contributes to the stability of large ecosystems. However, conventional stability criteria often rely on deterministic frameworks, overlooking the intrinsic population fluctuations that allow any species to go extinct by chance. In this paper, we incorporate demographic stochasticity into large complex ecosystems with a rule-based model. We demonstrate that such demographic fluctuations rapidly prune the low-abundance species from the ecological community, thereby securing higher systemic stability. By developing a bottom-up theory to characterise the statistics of extinction dynamics, we discover that the fraction of surviving species exhibits an anomalous heavy-tailed decay over time, revealing the emergence of remnant communities with robust metastability. Our results highlight that when demographic fluctuations are accounted for, ecosystems self-stabilise by reducing their diversity even when they are predicted to be chaotic in the deterministic limit.
Comments18 pages, 5 figures
