AI 中文总结
本文结合科学理解语境理论，比较分析理解在9个学科中的体现，揭示不同学科达成科学理解的方法与标准的差异及共性。
AI 中文摘要
理解是科学公认的目标，但不同科学学科追求理解的方式及达成理解的标准差异极大。本文对这种学科间差异展开比较分析，旨在揭示达成理解的方法与标准的差异及共性。本文以用于适配理解标准语境差异的科学理解语境理论（De Regt 2017）为出发点，该理论此前聚焦历史差异，主要采用物理学史的案例研究，而本文将该语境理论应用于学科差异。本文简要描述了理解在数学、理论物理学、天体物理学、化学、地球科学、生物学、神经科学、心理学、工程科学共9个科学学科中的体现，随后结合科学理解语境理论对这些描述进行比较与评估。
英文摘要
Understanding is a generally acknowledged aim of science, but the way in which understanding is pursued and criteria for when it is achieved differ widely across scientific disciplines. This paper offers a comparative analysis of this disciplinary variation, aimed at revealing differences as well as commonalities in methods and criteria for achieving understanding. Starting point is the contextual theory of scientific understanding (De Regt 2017), which was developed to accommodate contextual variation in criteria for understanding. While this work focused on historical variation and used mainly case studies from the history of physics, the current paper applies the contextual theory to disciplinary variation. We present brief descriptive accounts of how understanding figures in nine scientific disciplines: mathematics, theoretical physics, astrophysics, chemistry, geoscience, biology, neuroscience, psychology, and the engineering sciences. Subsequently, we compare and evaluate these accounts in light of the contextual theory of scientific understanding.
Comments25 pages, forthcoming in Journal for General Philosophy of Science
